Term
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Definition
Dilated: fright, brain ischemia, drugs (ie Atropine)
Constriction: narcotic overdose, disorders affecting the CNS, bright light.
Unequal: normal in 2-4 % populations, head injury, CVA, cataract surgery on one eye, false eye. |
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Definition
| The height of jugular veins in an indirect measurement and shows pressure in right side of the heart (ie Cor pulmonade, right heart failure) |
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Definition
| Water will flow through a semi-permeable membrane from the solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration |
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Definition
| the process where water and solutes flow across the cell membrane |
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Definition
| occurs when there is an excess amount of acid produced by the body (ie Diabetic ketoacidosis) |
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Definition
| may occur from ingestion of large amounts of sodium chloride |
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Definition
| results from any condition that hampers ventilation may result in retention of CO2 and thus increases acid |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs due to excessive CO2 elimination (ie hyperventilation) |
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Definition
| loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, postural syncope, poor skin turgor, furrowed tongue, sunken eyes, weak rapid pulse, sunken fontenelle in infants |
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Term
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Definition
| is evidenced by edema and a major sign of left sided heart failure. S/S= dyspnea, rales, edema |
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Term
| Endotracheal Intubation landmarks |
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Definition
| tongue, pharynx, epiglottis, valledula, arachoid cartlidge, vocal cords. Best indication of intubation is visualizing the tube passing between the coval cords. |
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Term
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Definition
| R atrium→ Tricuspid valve → R ventricle → Pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary artery (CO2 high blood) → Lungs → pulmonary vein (O2 high blood) → L atrium → Mitral valve → L ventricle → Aorta → systemic circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrical impulses are generated in the SA Node and spread across the two atria through conduction pathways causing the atria to contract. The electrical impulses reach the AV Node near the AV junction and pause long enough to allow the ventricles to fill. The impulse the ntravels through the Bundle of His, separating into the (R) & (L) Bundle branches and spreads to the individual Perkinje Fibers causing the ventricles to contract |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Thick walled muscular vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the (L) heart and aorta to the body. The only exception is the pumonary artery which carries de-oxygenated blood from the (R) Ventricle to the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| thinner walled and carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the (R) atria via the superior and inferior vena cava. The only exception is the pulmonary vein wich carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the (L) atrium. |
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Term
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Definition
Focal Motor: Usually involve one part of the body such as eye or arm and may progress to a Grand Mal. It is important to note where the seizure starts or which direction the eyes deviate.
Petit Mal: mostly in children. Brief loss of consciousness, no loss of motor tone. Child will stare in space for a few seconds and then returning immediately to full consciousness.
Grand Mal: Characterized by loss of consciousness, tonic/clonic movements, sometimes tongue-biting, incontinence, mental confusion. Intense motor activity usally followed by a post-ictal state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused from a clot or hemorrhage in the brain and is usually preceeded with TIA's. Stroke S/S: weakness, hemiparesis/hemiplegia, speech disorders- dysarthria, aphasia, headache, confusion, incoordination, visual distubances, inappropriate behavior and/or coma. |
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Term
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Definition
Pupil: black opening in the iris
Sclera: white covering of the eyeball
Iris: colored part of the eye
Cornea: outer lens
Conjuctiva: fleshy interior of eyelid |
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Term
| Facial Treatment of injuries |
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Definition
| Airway is the priority. Establish the airway and check mouth for any loose teeth or dentures, suction any bvlood from the pharynx. Examine the mandible and maxilla for damage, transport any teeth or denture material to hospital, and always assume a C-spine injury. The only time an impaled object is removed is when it is in the clean due to hemorrhaging andrish of airway occlusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coma. caused by high blood sugar. It is a gradual onset of 12-48 hours as the body metabolizers fat, producing ketones as a waste product. DKA S/S polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, nausea, vomiting, dehydration, tachycardia, Jussmaul respirations (deep and rapid) warm dry dskin, fruity acetone breath order, decreased BP. TX = If in doubt, give glucose. Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid respirations done in an attempt to blow off acid by CO2 elimination |
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Term
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Definition
Is caused by too much insulin and has an acute onset (insulin shock) too little food, or both. The brain does not reveive the glucose neccessary for metabolism causing dysfunction with rapid onset.
Hypoglycemia S/S= Weak rapid pulse, cold clammy skin, weakness, incoordination, headache, irritable, nervous bizzare behavior, may appear drunk, seizures, coma
TX= IV, O2, D50, IVP. If alert give cola, candy or OJ with sugar added, not nutrasweet |
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Term
| Anaphylactic Shock S/S and TX |
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Definition
S/S: Dyspnea, sneezing, wheezing, productive coughing, c/o chest tightness or feel throat closing, facial swelling with flused color, itching, urticaria, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, rapid pulse, decreased BP.
TX: Airway, O2, IV, epinephrine 1:1000 subcutaneously, EKG monitor |
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Term
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Definition
| Get out of the cold, remove wet clothing, apply warm blankets and core warming with warm IV fluids, give sugar and warm fluids if conscious. If patient is in cardiac arrest, the treatment is BLS without defibrillation or cardiac medications. The patient is not dead until they are warm and dead. |
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Term
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Definition
| S/S: Excruciating flank pain, often radiating to the groin on the affected side. |
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