Term
|
Definition
| increase the excretion of water and sodium. via either direct action on the cells of the nephron or affecting filtrate content |
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Term
|
Definition
| Loop diuretic, act on the thick ascending limb inhibiting Na carriers --> torrential urine flow. may cause contraction alkalosis (metabolic alkolosis caused by increased concentration of HCO3 in diuretic volume reduction. increase excretion of K, Ca and Mg. decrease uric acid. indicated in pulmonary oedema, chronic heart failure, renal failure, hypertension, hypercalcemia. AEs --> hypovolemia, hypokalemia, ototoxic. |
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|
Term
| Common thiazides and group action? |
|
Definition
Hydrochlorothiazide, bendroflumethazide
act on the distal convuluted tubule. |
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Term
|
Definition
| less powerful than loop diuretics indicated in uncomplicated HTN. interestingly indicated in peripheral diabetes insipidus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| K sparing diuretic, limited diuretic action when used alone, but indicated in hypertension. aldosterone antagonists. predispose to hyperkalemia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase excretion of bicarbonate and NA, K and water. indcated in treatment of glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| osmotic diuretics - increase the amount of water and Na excreted indicated in raised intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure. aes headache nausea and vomiting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is indicated in the treatment of chronic renal failure anaemia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicated in the treatment of chronic renal failure osteodystrophy. |
|
|
Term
| Phosphate metabolism is closely linked with? |
|
Definition
| calcium, regulated by the kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperphosphatemia causes? |
|
Definition
| formation of calcium phosphate deposits in joints, conjunctiva, aortic valve stenosis, hyperparathyroidism. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| phosphate binding preparation indicated in hyperphosphatemia. binds in the GI tract. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowers plasma phostphate + lowers low density lipoproteins. given in gram dose by mouth 3 times a day with meals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| renal failre (+ or - hypoaldosteronism) and spirinollactone therapy or drugs that interfere with renin secretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicated in the treatment of hyperkalemic cardiotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| encourages intracellular potassium shift, indicated in treatment of hyperkalemia. |
|
|
Term
| Salbutamol in hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
| encourages intracellular shift i.e. uptake by cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reommended in hyperkalemia to reduce K+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sodium mouth or enema +sorbitol for constipation
Calcium sulfonate mouth or enema +sorbitol for constipation
Dialysis |
|
|
Term
| Desmopressin (nocternal enuresis) |
|
Definition
| indicated in treatment of children >10 nocturnal enuresis. nasal spray ADH agonist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TCA indicated for upto 3 months for nocturnal enuresis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicated in symptomatic treatment of BPH, a1 adrenergic antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits androgen synthesis, indicated in symptomatic BPH. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| managed with pelvic floor exercises and muscurinic receptor antagonists like oxybutinin, tolterodine, propiverone, trospium. |
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