Term
| What is a phaeohyphomycosis like? |
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Definition
| Cutaneous and subQ infection causing abcess, grnaulomas, cyst and possible systemic infection |
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Term
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Definition
| cutaneous phaeophomycosis |
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Term
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Definition
| cutaneous phaeophomycosis |
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Term
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Definition
| cutaneous phaeophomycosis |
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Term
| which cutaneous mycosis makes poroconidia? |
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Definition
| the phaeohyphomycosis.... specifically bipolaris, curvularis and drechslera |
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Term
| which phaeophomycosis produces a systemic infection and whats the treatment? whats its culture look like? |
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Definition
| wangiella dermatitidis......glaborous yeast colonies high rate of mortaility, amphotercin B or other antifungals |
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Term
| what does sporotrichosis affect? how dos it spread through body? |
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Definition
| bones, joints, lungs, CNS........lymphatic vesses |
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Term
| How is sporotrichosis acquired? |
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Definition
1= inhalation
2= hematogenous dissemination from skin injury like a thorn prick |
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Term
| etiologic agent of sporotrichosis? whats its in vitro and in vivo morphology? where it found? |
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Definition
| sporothrix schenckii...... dimorphic so its hyphae in vitro and yeast in infection.....found world wide and is saprophytic in soil |
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Term
| what subcutaneous mycosis produces cigar shaped yeast?... what stain is used? |
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Definition
| sporothrix schenkii.....wright or giemsa |
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Term
| what fungus do you never do a KOH wet prep with and why? |
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Definition
| sporotrichosis (sporothrix schenkii) bcs the cigar shaped cells are too small |
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Term
| What type of sample of sporotrichosis gets what type of lab prep (stain and procedure)? |
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Definition
aspirate from unruptured lesion=gram or giemsa or FA (which is verys sensitiveand specific)
ulcerated lesion's deep scraping= serology where a 1:8 titer means infectious
sputum sample from lung you do a culture
biopsy you do PAS or silver gimori |
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Term
| What does the culture of sporotrichosis look like? |
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Definition
| white glabrous colonies that turn dark brown when incubated and have septated hyphae with conidiophores that have conidias that appear as flower like structures |
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Term
| What is the brian hart infusion and whens it used? |
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Definition
| its a selective medium..... you transfer the septated hyaline hyphae of sporothrix schenckii to this and they make cigar shaped yeast...... neccessary to confirm diagnosis..... done at 37 C |
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Term
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Definition
| a serological skin test to test for sporotrichosis and differentiate clinical lesions from cutaneous leishmania |
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Term
| What are the serological test done for sporotrichosis? |
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Definition
sporotrichin
latex agglutination= high sensitivity and specificity where 1:8 titer is positive for infection
Tube agglutination which is less sensitive and only done in reference labs |
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Term
| How do you manage a sporotrichosis infection? |
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Definition
if cutaneous or subq, do iodine treatment
if systemic, do amphotercin B in case of relapse after iodine |
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Term
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Definition
| Chonic sub cutaneous fungal infection of skin with nodules and plaques resembling keloids on distal extremities..... never systemic, mostly in latin america and dolphins off the guld of mexico but never in US |
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Term
| Which etiologic agent of a mycosis is a lemon shaped yeast and a hydorphilic species? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organism is a multiple yeast in chain in vivo and philogenetically similar to paracoccidiodes?....... whats the other unique quality it has? |
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Definition
| lacazia loboi which has never been able to be cultured in vitro and it has no serologic methods of detection |
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Term
| What are the etiologic agents of subQ zygomycosis? |
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Definition
basidiobolomycosis= basidiobolus ranrum
and conidiobolomycosis= conidiobolus coronatus |
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Term
| What is a subcutaenous zygomycosis like? |
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Definition
| Chronic infection subQ and possibly systemic.... involves subQ tumor like masses on face and extremities without involvement of the skin |
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Term
| Which subQ infection causes an eosinophilc inflamm reaction in the tissue biopsy? |
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Definition
| C. coronatus and B ranrum in histopathology |
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Term
| When should you not use antibiotics like chlorampnehicol in a culture? |
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Definition
| When collecting biopsy sample..... as with subQ zygomycosis |
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Term
| What do the morphologic structures of B. ranrum and C coronatus look like in vitro? |
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Definition
B ranrum makes zygospores in culture
C. coronatus makes conidia from its sporangiophores which it discharges with force |
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Term
| Which subcutaenous mycosis has a diffusion serologic method and how do you treat this particular mycosis? |
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Definition
| treat with surgery or iodine and it is subcutaneous zygomycosis |
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Term
| What is a subcutaneous mycetoma? |
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Definition
| A chronic infection of the foot, hands or other which involves swelling and tumor like masses with sinus tracts and possible bone destruction......involves black or white sulfur grains |
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Term
| What are the etilogic agents of black sulfur grains of a eumycetoma? |
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Definition
| curvularia (which is also a black septate hyphae of phaeohyphomycosis), leptospaeria, madruella and pyrenochaeta romeroi |
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Term
| what are the etiologic agents of white sulfur grains of a eumycetoma? |
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Definition
| fusarium, acremonium, pseudallescheria boidii |
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Term
| What is the mycetoma from the US |
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Definition
| its a white sulfur grain..... pseduoallescheria boidii |
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Term
| What are the morphological structures seen in direct observation of mycetoma? |
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Definition
| Hyphae with septa in vivo and occasional chlamydoconidia .... and sulfur grains which could be present to the naked eye.... SULFUR GRAINS ARE IN INFECTED TISSUE, black or white |
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Term
| What are the culture procedures for mycetoma? |
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Definition
| Most are saprophytic so DO NOT use cycloheximide but chloramphnicol may be necessary....RT at 37degC for 4 weeks |
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Term
| Which lesion appears like a cauliflower?....what are the etiologic agents? |
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Definition
from chromoblastomycosis......
fonsecaea pedrosoi
phialophora verrucosa
rhinocladiella aquaspera
cladosporium carrionii |
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Term
| What is a chromoblastomycosis? |
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Definition
| A chronic infection of the subQ and the skin |
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Term
| What are the dimorphic morphologies of chromoblastomycosis? |
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Definition
Propagules (the units of infection) are idetical to sclertoic bodies which are seen in vivo..... present in soil as hyphae or conidia
NEVER HYPHAE IN INFECTED TISSUE |
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Term
| How are culture procedures for chromoblastomycosis? |
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Definition
| sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol for 4-6 weeks |
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Term
| What is the etilogic agent of a phaeohyphomycosis? |
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Definition
| Dark pigemnted hyphae in vivo |
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Term
| Whats the culture technique for phaeohyphomycosis? |
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Definition
| incubate on mycosel for 3-6 weeks at 37C and look for black colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| chromoblastomycotic agent |
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Term
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Definition
| chromoblastomycotic agent |
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Term
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Definition
| chromoblastomycotic agent |
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Term
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Definition
| chromoblastomycotic agent |
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Term
| What are the only fungi to producesexual stages in vivo? |
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Definition
| black piedra..... make ascospores |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do white piedra make on the hair? what do they look like microscopically? |
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Definition
| trichosporum beigii.... makes arthrospores and nodules on the beard and moustache...... take off nodules and observe hyphae, blastospores and round arthrospores |
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Term
| What is the normal culture technique for keratomycosis? whats the normal sample? |
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Definition
| can do 10%KOH like every other mycosis, stain with giemsa..... after, observe sabouraud agar with antibiotics .....normal sample is eye scrapings, swabs arent adequate |
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Term
| How are keratomycotic fungi IDed? |
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Definition
| based on morphology.... they have branched septated hyphae single or branched.... can also use DNA probes as with aspergillus infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
common causes of otomycosis?
CAMMR |
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Definition
| aspergillus, candida, malassezia, mucor, rhizopus |
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Term
| What type of in vivo morphology do the etiological agents of otomycosis have |
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Definition
branched septated hyphae are aspergillus
budding yeast are malassezia or candida |
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Term
| What type of stianing procedures are followed for otomycosis? and how long do you incubate for culturing and what other test must be done for yeast?? |
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Definition
gram stain......... incubate for 2-3 weeks in sabouraud W CHLORAMPHENICOL but without cycloheximide!!!
do sugar assimilation for yeast |
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Term
| What is the etilogial agent of tinea nigra? |
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Definition
| phaeoanellomyces werneckii |
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Term
| What does tinea nigra (phaeoanellomyces werneckii) look like in vivo? |
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Definition
| brown septated hyphae with chlamydoconidia possible and yeast pigmented anelloconidia likely which look like "pills" |
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Term
| what fungal infection needs the exoantigen test to differentiate between morphologically similar species? |
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Definition
| tinea nigra (phaeoanellomyces werneckii) |
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Term
| Etiological agents of pityriasis versicolor? |
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Definition
| malassezia furfur and malassezia ovalis which are normal flora |
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Term
| What are laboratory diagnostic procedures for pityriasis versicolor determination? whats it look like? |
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Definition
| No culture needed but can use sabouraud w/o cycloheximide and olive oil for growth.... scotch tape followed by methelyene blue/gram stain or scrapings followed by KOH..... looks like spaggheti and meat balls with a cluster of bottle shpaed yeast and angular short hyphae |
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Term
| spaggheti and meat balls/ bottle shaped yeast? |
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Definition
| pityriasis versicolor ...... has bottle shaped yeast in angular short hyphae |
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Term
| clincial specimens of superficial mycoses? |
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Definition
| nails, scrapings, nail scrapings, hair and ear swabs, skin scrapings |
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Term
| clinical specimens of cutaneous mycoses |
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Definition
| pus or exudate, swabs or biopsy |
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Term
| clinical specimens of subcutaneous mycoses |
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Definition
| biopsy, exudate and pus collections/ swabs |
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Term
| systemic mycosses clinical samples |
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Definition
| biopsy, blood, marrow, sputum, CSF, urine, pus/exudate |
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Term
| different types of media for mycology medica |
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Definition
1. brian hart infusion.... for sporotrichosis viewing of cigar yeast
2. DTM.... dermatophyte testmedia which turns from yellow to red in presence of dermatophyte
3. Sabouraud.... most common
4. mycosel..... dont use when dealing with candida, pityriasis versicolor (malassezia furfur or ovalis) or any other normal flora
5. assimilation media for carbohydrates.... use for candida species
6. chlamidophore agar....... used to induce chlamiospores, called DIFCO, use for C. albicans differnetiation
7. corn meal agar...... for mycelial growth and spore formation
8. potato dextrose agar???????? |
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Term
| what are the systemic mycoses serological techniques? |
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Definition
| immune diffusion, latex agglutination, ELISA |
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Term
| What are so common commerical rRNA probes on mycology? |
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Definition
| used against blastomyces dermatiitides, coccidiodes immitis, cryptococcus neoformans, H. capsulatum |
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Term
| Cons of DNA probes for mycology |
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Definition
| expensive, radioactive tags, picks up many oportunistic noise, need standadrdization protocols, many genomes not desyphered yet so many fungi missed |
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Term
| How to see candida chlamydospores? |
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Definition
Use cornmeal agar with 1% tween or chlamydospore agar (difco)
incubate at RT for 3 days and stain with lactophenol blue
only C. ALBICANS has terminal chlamydospores |
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Term
What are common candida species....
KGPT |
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Definition
| krusei, tropicalis, parapsilosis, gulliermondii.....and albicans |
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Term
| What type of morphology does piedaria hortai have? whats unique about it? |
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Definition
Ascospores in vivo which is the only organism that does this sexual reporduction in vivo and dark branched hyphae are seen too
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Term
| What type of morphology does white piedra (trichosporum burgeii) have in vivo? can you culture? |
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Definition
| has arthrospores since its a dermatophyte... also seen are blastopspores and hylaine hyphae.... can culture this with antibiotics and will see glaborus white colonies |
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