Term
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Definition
unicellular eukaryotes
have organelles
parasitic forms with holozoic nutrition (complex organic ingestion)
basic forms of locomotion |
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Term
| Name the classes of protozoa |
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Definition
flagellates
amoeboids
sporozoans
ciliates |
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Term
| Name asexual reproductive strategies of protozoa |
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Definition
Longitudinal binary fission
Transverse binary fission
Budding
Multiple fission (one to many)
Endodyogency (2 daughters from internal bud)
Endopolyogeny (>2 daughter cells) |
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Term
| Name sexual reproductive strategies of protozoa |
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Definition
Conjugation-exchange genetic material
Syngamy-gamete fusion
Anisogamy-gametes are dissimilar
Isogamy-gametocytes are similar |
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Term
| What is the trophozoite stage? |
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Definition
| stages of parasitic protozoa that actively feed and multiply |
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Term
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Definition
| protects the protozoa with a thickened wall or membrane. |
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Term
| What is diagnostic of Entamoeba Histolytica? |
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Definition
| Karyosome (ring around nucleus) seen in the fecal smear of the cyst stage. |
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Term
| What is diagnostic for giardia lamblia ? |
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Definition
| monkey face under microscope, floating poop, smelly farts |
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Term
| Where is the ecological niche for entamoeba histolytica? |
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Definition
| gut and invasion to liver/skin |
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Term
| Name common protozoan parasites found in GI and urogenital tract. |
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Definition
entamoeba histolytica
giardia lamblia duodenalis
trichomonas vaginalis
balantidium coli
isopora species
cyclospora species
crypotosporidium parvum
microsporidia |
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Term
| Name features of entamoeba histolytica |
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Definition
>flexible plasma membrane
>some are flagellated but most used pseudopods for moving/feeding
>cyst and trophozoite stages |
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Term
| Describe pathogenesis of E.histolytica |
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Definition
| >can move beyond colonic epithelium and invade submucosa to cause ulcers or perforate the colon. Can also get to liver to make abscesses or reach brain. |
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Term
| Describe Giardia Lamblia structure |
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Definition
>endoplasmic reticulum and two separate nuclei, no mitochondria, sucking disk.
>represents transitional state in eukaryotic evolution |
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Term
How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
What are some symptoms? |
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Definition
Sexually transmitted disease
Females get red irritated labia and profuse smelly discharge with parasites found in it. |
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Term
| Describe morphology of balantidium coli |
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Definition
>largest infectious protozoa
>pigs are the reservoirs
>Trophoziote = 50-100um in length, 40-70um wide, ciliated
>Cyst = 50-70um diameter, no cilia. |
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Term
| How does balantidiasis go through its life cycle? |
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Definition
>humans ingest cyst, incubation is 4-5d
>excytation occurs in the small intestine and the trophozoite stage colonizes the large intestine.
>Replication by binary fission with possible conjugation
>some invade colon wall and multiply
>infective cysts made which are passed though feces. |
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Term
| Symptoms of balantidiasis |
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Definition
>severe diarrhea for weeks-months
>ulcers in intestines, but rare to cause disease outside GI.
>many mild or asymptomatic cases. |
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Term
How do you treat balantidiasis?
How do you control transmission? |
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Definition
TCN, iodoquinol, or metronidazole
>must verify abscene of disease in stool 1 month after treat
>prevent contamination because cysts are not killed by chlorine. |
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Term
Name the organisms of interest in phylum Apicomplexa
What order are they in? |
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Definition
Cryptosporidium
Isospora
Cyclospora
Order Coccidia
Toxoplasma
Plasmodium
Babesia |
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Term
| What is the basic coccidia life cycle |
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Definition
>eat oocyt with sporozoites
>asexual multiply in intestinal epithelium
>make gametes and fertilize them
>make oocytes and sporulation to infective stage. |
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Term
| Symptoms of isospora belli |
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Definition
>watery smelly diarrhea w/ malabsorption abd pain and weakness
>months to years
>eosinophilia
>oocysts seen in feces |
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Term
| General features of isospora belli morphology |
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Definition
>infective oval oocysts with 2 sporocytes each
>oocysts mature in 4 days
>both sexual and asexual development in new epithelial cells |
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Term
|
Definition
>prolonged 4-9 wk diarrhea with 4-10 watery stools daily
>no WBC in stools |
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Term
| What is cyclospora cayetanensis? |
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Definition
new parasite syndrome with diarrhea and flu-like signs for 1-3 weeks.
from Guatemalan strawberries. |
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Term
| What is Cryptosporidium parvum? |
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Definition
Auto-infection cycle which develops in microvillous border of the intestine.
Bad if you are HIV positive |
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Term
| How do you detect Cryptosporidium parvum? |
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Definition
Acid fast stain of fecal smear is diagnostic because they stain red.
Or can do immunofluorescent antibody stains. |
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Term
| Cryptosporidium parvum epidemiology |
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Definition
risk factors: international travel, farm travel, exposure to infected water or food.
Some species of cryptosporidium can infect humans and other can infect animals. |
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Term
|
Definition
>of the phylum microspora
>unicellular spore either 1 or 2 nuclei
>spores have extrusion apparatus (barbed process which thrusts into cell) |
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