Term
| Characteristics of Microbes (ch 1) |
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Definition
1. Microscopic & single-celled (usually)
2. Essential to cycles of nature
3. Beneficial and even essential to human health
4. Capable of causing illness and/or death (minority) |
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Term
| The five (6) categories of microbes (ch 1) |
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Definition
1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Protozoa
4. Fungi
5. Algae
(6) Prions |
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Term
| World Population Growth contributes to spread of infectious diseases by (ch 1) |
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Definition
| having a higher density, allows more person to person, biological vectors and zoonontic encounters |
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Term
| Because of ______ more of the world's population is becoming concentrated in cities. |
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Definition
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Term
| Deforestation causes _____ (ch 1) |
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Definition
| increased contact with animals and insect vectors. |
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Term
| Chagas disease, rabies & leishmaiasis are often caused because of ____ |
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Definition
| migration and displacement of animals and vectors into villages. |
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Term
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Definition
| ecological disturbances that increase the incidence of distribution of infectious disease |
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Term
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Definition
| disease producing microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| hosptial acquired infection |
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Term
| Reasons for increase (or outbreaks) of infectious disease and an example of each. |
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Definition
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Term
Characteristics of Prokaryotes
1. Types of Life forms
2. Does it have a nucleus?
3. Cell size
4. Type of Chromosome
5. Internal Compartments?
6. Ribosomes |
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Definition
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Term
Characteristics of Eukaryote
1. Types of Life forms
2. Does it have a nucleus?
3. Cell size.
4. Type of Chromosome
5. Internal Compartments?
6. Ribosomes? |
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Definition
1. Protozans, plants, animals, fungi, algae
2. It has a nucleus
3. larger than prokaryotes, >100nanometers
4. Multi linear chromosome
5. Yes, membrane bound organelles
6. 40s, 60s |
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Term
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Definition
1. All organisms are composed of fundamental units called cells
2. all organisms are unicellular or multicellular
3. all cells are fundamentally alkike w/ regard to their structure and their metabolism
4. Cells arise from previous existing cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why Harness Mircrobes in Research |
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Definition
1. Easy to culture
2. small
3. short life cycle
4. small genome sequence
5. gene therapy: Fix genetic defects by adding it back |
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Term
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Definition
| Adding materials/microorganisms to the environment to speed up natural biodegradation |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhancing bio-degradation by adding nutrients to increase indigenous microbes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is external to the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
selectively permable
Cell was is G+ or G- |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
not integral to the cell
is a virulence factor, anti-phagcytic |
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Term
| why is a gram stain important? |
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Definition
Choice of antibiotics influenced by the gram stain
Broad spectrum antibiotics work against G+ AND G-
Narrow spectrum antibiotics works against G+ OR G- |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells contents w/in the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
region of cytoplasm containing chromosome DNA
double stranded DNA
one or more circular and/or linear chromosomes
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Term
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Definition
small circular pieces of DNA
encodes small # of genes
expands genetic apability |
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Term
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Definition
endospores formed w/in the cell
viable for long periods (Centuries)
resitant to heat, boiling, drying, radiation and various chemicals
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Term
| 4 phases of binary fission in bacteria |
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Definition
1. lag phase
2. log phase
3. stationary phase
4. death phase |
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Term
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Definition
have no cell wall, thus no shape
very small and require specialized media for growth
disease: walking pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
obligate intracellular parasite
disease: urethritis |
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Term
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Definition
obligate intracellular parasite
transmitted by arthropods |
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Term
| 2 largest pandemics ever known caused by viruses |
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Definition
1918 spanish flu (killed more than 25 million)
&
HIV |
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Term
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Definition
Structure
Host Cell
Clinical (organ or organ system) |
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Term
| Virus life cycle (replication) |
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Definition
1. Adsorption
2. Replication
3. Assembly
4. Release |
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Term
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Definition
Requires cell to cell contact
donor requires F factor
Donors are F+, recipients F- |
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Term
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Definition
Generates "competent" cells by some treatment to permeabilized the cell membrane
- chemical cometent
-electroporation
-generally restricted to plasmids
-power tool in lab study genetic engineering |
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