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        | Offering Natural Facts (e.g., Facts concerning human nature, evolutionary development, etc.) as the sufficient grounds for supporting an ethical position. |  | 
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        | Attempting to avoid the moral condemnation of oneself or another by accusing those who make the charge of moral wrongdoing of the same or similar moral wrongdoing. |  | 
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 | Definition 
 
        | Offering conventional beliefs or practices as the sufficient grounds for supporting ethical position. |  | 
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 | Definition 
 
        | Citing laws or rules of conduct as the sufficient grounds for supporting an ethical position. |  | 
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 | Definition 
 
        | Arguing that an action is morally elective or obligatory because it serves the best interest of a given individual or group. |  | 
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        | Arguing that an action is morally impermissible allowing it will lead inevitably to the social acceptance of grossly immoral consequences. |  | 
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 | Definition 
 
        | Citing popular values, prejudices, biases, etc.…as a means to garner support for an ethical position when they are irrelevant to the position supported. |  | 
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        | Term 
 | Definition 
 
        | Offering irrelevant premises in support of a moral position as a means of diverting attention from the real moral issues. |  | 
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