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Medical emergencies Lct. 1
prevention of med emerg. in a dental setting.
33
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
02/01/2009

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Cards

Term
What is the best way to prevent a medical emergency in the dental office?
Definition
stop before it starts
Term
What are two stress related emergencies that can occur?
Definition
Vasodepressor syncope and hyperventilation
Term
What is cerebral ischemia?
Definition
loss of conciousness occuring because of lack of oxygenated blood flow to the brain
Term
explain the process that prevents fainting
Definition
Fight or flight (sympathetic)> vasodialtion of skeletal muscles occurs > blood diverts in skeletal areas > blood returns to heart from skeletal muscles > adequate oxygenated blood levels are supplied to heart> no fainting
Term
What happens to blood when the patient sits in the chair
Definition
Blood pools in the muscles.
Term
what is the process of syncope?
Definition
venous blood flow is reduced, bradycardia, cardiac output reduced, not enough oxygenated blood being pumped, fainting
Term
explain the managment of fainting
Definition
encourage muscle activation by raising feet higher than the head to increase venous blood flow.
Term
what are the three signs of syncope?
Definition
pre-syncope, syncope, post-syncope
Term
what are the symptoms of pre-syncope?
Definition
pale-color, persperation, warmth, nausea, increased pulse
Term
symptoms of syncope?
Definition
cold, dizziness, hypotension, yawningg, dialated pupils
Term
post-syncope?
Definition
facial pallor, nause, weakness, disorientation
Term
What are the four steps of prevention of syncope
Definition
confidence, medical history, calm patient, watch for signs and symptoms
Term
Five steps in syncope managment?
Definition
trendelenburg, BLS & ABCs, oxygen, ammonia inhalent, watch for patient to regain consciousness
Term
what are the steps to follow after syncope occurs?
Definition
have the patient be driven home, follow up phone call, consider anti-anxiety meds for next visit
Term
what are precautions to be taken if a patient has taken an antianxiety med?
Definition
patient driven to and from, refrain from making personal and business decisions, do not operated heavy machinery, physician clearnance
Term
what causes hyperventilation?
Definition
an imbalance of CO2 and O2. Too much oxygen to little CO2
Term
name some symptoms of hyperventilation?
Definition
increased respirations- panic attach, nausea, light headed, dizzy, altered consciousness, numbness of face or tetany of the fingers, tembling, sweating, heart palpitations, chest discomfort
Term
What can you do to prevent hyperventilation?
Definition
talk to patient, confidence, offer pain control options, anti-anxiety meds
Term
how do u manage hyperventilation?
Definition
place patient in upright position, have patient slow breathing, use hands or a paper bag, monitor vitals, and document the situation
Term
What is an ASA I patient?
Definition
a healthy patient without systemic disease
Term
what is an ASA II patient?
Definition
a person with a mild systemic disease, should be cautious
Term
ASA III?
Definition
a patient that has a sever systemic disease that limits their activity, appointment time should be shorter
Term
ASA IV?
Definition
a person that has an incopacitated disease that with a constant threat to live
Term
ASA E?
Definition
emergency operation that can be in any category
Term
What are the three follow up questions
Definition
what when and why
Term
what should you ask the questions about?
Definition
pathophsiology of the disease, potential risks for medical emergency from disease, clinical managment of disease, strategies for resolving the potential risk and emergency prevention
Term
What is systolic pressure?
Definition
heart muscle contracted forcing blood flow into circulation
Term
what is diastolic pressure?
Definition
arterial pressure between heart beats when heart muscle rests
Term
what are the diseases associated with hypertension?
Definition
stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure or congestive heart failure, kidney complications, hyperthyroidism, diabetes
Term
what is the maximum amount of epinephrine that can be used for B/P
Definition
1:100,000, no more than 3 cartridges
Term
what is tachyaahythmiar
Definition
a common sign preceding cardiac arrest
Term
what does a fast irregular pulse indicate?
Definition
cardiovascular instability
Term
t/f increased respirations = increased stress level
Definition
True
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