Moving image of video and film

an obvious manifestation of time

Film Frame

Film motion is an illusion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9Et7UQh1tg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tkq2Kq-LmJg

Always in Motion

video screen consists of pixels going in horizontal and vertical lines

They line up in red, green, or blue

Always in the process of becoming

Images on a TV screen are created by having an electron beam first scan all odd-numbered lines from left to right, the all even-numbered lines. Both fields created make up an image

standard TV is made up of 576 visible horizontal lines

Interlacing divides these into odd and even lines and then alternately refreshes them at 30 frames per second

Progressive video scanning refers to scanning the entire picture line by line every sixteenth of a second. Captured images are not split into separate fields like in interlaced scanning

(Best for viewing motion in detail)

1080 = lines that create the image on the screen

720 = lines that create the image on the screen

1080= horizontal lines; associated with 16:9.

1080p = 1920 pixels wide by 1080 high (horizontal lines); progressive scanning (30 frames per second)

1080i= interlaced

Results: sharp and clear video image; depth of field (illusion - even though it is limited)

Nothing but a combination of shortcomings of the film medium and that we had better get used to Hi-def

Adjusting video frame rate to that of film (24 fps)

The "Softer" look is the direct result of the brief blackout periods that occur each time a new film frame is pulled up to the gate to be projected onto the screen

In video however, there are no black screens, but pure continuum

The difference between subractive and additive color mixing

Video mixes additively; film mixes subractively (cyan, magenta, yellow) 

Film projects colors, video creates a color mosaic

Differences in the middle values of grayscale

Film displays a more pleasing exposure than HDTV

lure for the writer to create external, plot-oriented stories rather than the more difficult internal, character-motivated ones

Television intimacy might get lost

Good for sporting events

Whenever you see motion, you automatically establish a frame of reference by which you judge the direction of the vector and its relative speed

This establishes a figure/ground relationship

In video and film, the edges of the screen are the most basic frame of reference

Within the frame, the ground is made up of stable objects as compared to the less stable moving figure

refers to when an object is in motion and simultaneously also at rest

An object can be in motion and perceived at rest, or at rest and perceived in motion

ex. people in an airplane are at rest in reference to the plane but in motion in reference to the earth

Confused about what object is moving

Think about when you are taking the train and this train sitting parallel to another train. How do you know which train is actually moving?

refers to how fast or slowly we sense something to move on-screen

ex. object speed, Lens choice, & blocking

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k091WIoL4hs

We have a built in sense of object speed in our real environment. It comes into play when we are driving

When we watch movies, however, that built-in time sense doesn’t work. We need something to tell us how fast objects are moving

– we can perceive lateral motion on a small screen so long as the object is shown in a long shot

On the small screen, a close-up makes fast lateral motion difficult to perceive

ex. filming a motorcycle, it is easier to follow it from a long shot cause the visible x-axis, but can be a blur in a close-up unless talen is told to slow down

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lshQ2LL0-3Y&NR=1

The speed at which an object moves along the z-axis is greatly determined by how wide or narrow your angle is (the focal length of the zoom lens position

A wide angle lens extends the z-axis which exaggerates the perceived z-axis speed

Wide angle distortion causes the subject to get rapidly larger as it approaches the end the z-axis closest to the camera

ex. like a dolly

A narrow-angle lens shortens the z-axis, so size changes are minimal

When in a very long focal length position (zoomed in), the zoom lens can virtually eliminate the feeling of movement along the z-axis

Moving objects look more dynamic when shot from below than from above

To reduce speed of your moving object, shoot it from above and zoom out

To accelerate the moving object, shoot it from below and get closer

effective devices for structuring objective and subjective time

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSJdPjGHIdI

Slow motion it’s when an event appears to be moving considerably more slowly on the screen than it would normally while being photographed

Objects in slow motion seem to be moving through a medium denser than air, which appears to cushion the effect of gravity in some cases

Frame density and absence of gravity distinguish slow motion from simply making an object move more slowly

High Frame Density

(slow motion)

The more shots or frames are taken, the slower the object will appear to move

In order to create a slow motion effect in-camera (film), simply increase the frame rate from 24 or 30 fps to whatever you need it to be

Arrested motion, not a picture of no motion 

Picks a specific "at" position and rejpeats it for the duration of the freeze 

"ultimate frame density"

objects appear weightless, helps us to perceive supernatural occurrences,can sometimes make a dramatic element seem agonizingly long,sometimes intensify the speed of a car or a racer,allow us to see details we would miss at full speed

Shows an object moving faster than normal, but also more erratic and jumpy

used as a comedic agent because of this jerky, frenzied aesthetic quality

The sampling rate for accelerated motion is low, which means that there are less frames per second being shot

Each frame must be created digitally

In animation, the process is done by drawing each frame (cels)

appears somewhat forced

a cinematography technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than that which will be used to play the sequence back. When replayed at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing