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| comprised of your goals and drives. The more aware you are of your goals, the more you can direct the process of seeking info. |
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| set of organized info (towers) in a person's mind. To build them, we need raw materials + tools. The tools are our skills. Raw material is the info from the media and world. |
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| Seven skills that relate to media lit |
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| Analysis, Evaluation, Grouping, Induction, Deduction, Synthesis, Abstracting. |
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| breaking down a message into meaningful elements. EX: Tv Show "Friends" - apartments are notcheap in NY |
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| taking in info + compare it to what we have already learned & decide how we feel about it. EX: Bruce Springsteen Rumor |
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| determining which elements are alike in some way. EX: Comparing similar things against each other. |
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| Inferring a small pattern across a small number of elements, then generalizing that pattern. EX: Stereotyping |
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| Using general principles to explain particulars. |
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| Assembling elements into a new structure. |
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| Create a clear, brief description capturing the essence of the message. |
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| Set of perspectives that we ACTIVELY use to expose ourselves to the media, to interpret the meaning of messages we encounter. |
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Cognitive - the brain, facts
Emotional - the heart, feelings
Aesthetic - the eyes + ears, artistic sensibility
Moral - the soul, right vs. wrong |
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| Children under 5 are ______ |
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| developing skepticism - start to understand what media is |
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| Intensive development - fully functional, many adults stay here for life. Shallow relationship w/ the media. |
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| seek out different forms of content |
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| experts, "better," higher quality programming, strong opinions on good/bad. Outspoken. |
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| have critical appreciation, want to know how it effects society + decide what's best for others. |
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| either process or ignore. Filter in vs. out |
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| recognize elements of the message + access our memory to find the meaning. |
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| we do things to the messages that we filter in & we create meaning for ourselves |
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| Physically present where something is being shown. |
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| human ability to see + hear |
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| same element created in a person's mind |
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1. must pass through the exposures first
2. have conscious awareness of the message |
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| a construction of reality by journalists |
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| because of tight deadlines, story may not be told correctly |
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| Resource Limitations (Constraints) |
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| limited time, personnel, etc. to cover all news stories |
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| Geographical focus (constraints) |
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| more news about the US, virtually nothing about 3rd world countries + focus on northeast & west coasts. |
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| making money is primary goal, networks compete for AD dollars, ratings, etc. |
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| what stories will create bigger ratings + go for more sensational stories |
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| Organizational structures |
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| smaller companies do business differently than big companies |
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| influences the content. family owned business vs. big corporation |
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| how do journalists decide who is an expert |
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| create celeb status for reporters + they become brands of their own |
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| Journalists beleive americans hold certain values & they tell stories to resonate w/ those values |
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| news organizations are becoming more specialized + create niche channels ( ex: food net, feat net, Gay net) |
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| used to tell stories quickly and efficiently |
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| 90% of all local newscasts is same w/ all local channels |
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| journalists make up stories or ignore the facts that are pertinent to story |
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| Journalists make up stories or ignore facts that are pertinent to story |
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| not enough time, not objective |
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| most of the news info is superficial & without regard to the big picture & has no context. |
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| 10% of news stories are balanced & 50% don't even mention the opposing view |
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| What makes up a mass audience? |
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| All kinds of people, anonymous members, no interaction btwn members, no rules or rituals - does not exist |
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| 1939 - people panicked from a dramatic radio show about aliens invading earth |
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| Where ppl live. NOT effective because ppl move more now |
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| age, sex, income, race, education |
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| combination of your money & station where you can expect to be |
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| People tend to live in neighborhoods with people like themselves. |
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| Newest form of audience segmentation. Uses demographics, lifestyle + product usage variables |
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| TV + Computer as one machine |
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| Average number of channels a person will watch |
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| Hours avg. American spends w/ media |
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| 3300 hours /year, 42 hours /week |
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| behavior determined by parents + authorities to avoid trouble |
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| decent person w/ a good moral code (more male-based) |
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| focus on deeper meaning, they go beyond good vs. bad (more female based) |
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| Ability to ignore "noise" and focus on what's impt. in a message. |
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| ability to memorize facts. increases with age, decreases for elderly |
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| creative + insightful thinking, increases in early adulthood, decreases rapidly if you don't use it |
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| Conceptual differentiation - Sharpeners & Levelers |
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| S- people who classify objects into a large # of categories (more media literate) vs. L- draw comparisons & focus on similarities. |
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| Emotional Development relies on emotional intelligence which includes 5: |
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| Be able to read other's emotions, emotional self-awareness, harness emotions productively, manage emotions, handle relationships |
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| you have to step outside comfort zone. More willing you are to look at things outside your normal viewing, the more media literate you become. |
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| Volume of messages causes us to make impulsive decisions, create inaccurate perception of media & real world. Try to be less impulsive to raise media literacy. |
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| the more you have it with the real world & media world, the more knowledge structures you develop + more media literacy |
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| certain characteristics all stories have, in order to appeal to all audiences. |
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| Bad things happen to characters who are good because they are flawed or fate has conspired against them. Makes audience feel better about their life. |
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| Crime or puzzle. Info is missing & something has to be solved. Audience tries to solve mysteries. |
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| good vs. evil. Characters very stereotypical & one dimensional - we know who is good/bad immediately. It's ok for good guys to use violence as long as it's against the bad guys. |
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| Comedy - 4 things sitcoms always have |
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| Situation - what's happening, Complication - original problem, Confusion - things continue to degrade into chaos, Resolution - everything goes back to normal. |
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| lonely woman looking for love & then goes on a quest to better herself, hot guy shows up, fall in love, something happens to tear them apart + get back together in the end. |
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| viewers find someone they enjoy watching and roots for them, over season or episode |
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| Reality tv - anthology of life |
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| Viewers watch people live |
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| 2 most popular plot elements |
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| technological invention (that makes it possible). Also needs successful marketing of new medium. 2.5% of population do this. |
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| public's acceptance of the media+their need/desire for it. needs to appeal to a large heterogeneous population to be successful. |
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| a medium can grow in 3 ways. Fulfill the needs of the public better than is currently being done by competing media. Fulfill an existing need more efficiently - in terms of time + money than other media (if you watch tv news, you don't have to buy paper). Generate a new need or increase existing need. TV is credited for increasing public's appetite for entertainment. |
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| when the media commands the most attention from the public + makes more $ than other media. Has no more room to grow. |
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| When a medium is challenged by a newer one + there is a loss of audience & revenue |
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| when a medium redefines it's position in the marketplace. HBO is an example of this |
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| Form of media that employs the most people |
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| Transmitted over airwaves, FREE, regulated by BCC |
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| broadcast through wires, costs $, Lenient FCC regulation. Makes money f/ advertising + subscription fees. |
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| Pay extra $, no commercials |
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| Cable company gives $ + channels and no other cable company can come for a set amount of time. Town is bound to specific company |
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| television broke out into popularity in ______ |
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| breakout sitcom in early 50's, first show to be shot in Los Angeles |
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| Longest running tv show, began in thirties, still running today |
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| this was not invented to give us choice. Created because some people could not receive broadcast tv waves. |
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| cable began to gain popularity in _____ |
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| Cable became accessible in _____ |
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| became popular because people could rent movies & record home movies & watched them. |
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