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Definition
Ethics is a rational process founded on certain agreed-on principles
Ethics begins when elements within a moral system conflict |
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Term
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Definition
Law is what you can and can’t do, ethics is what you should or shouldn’t do
With Ethics you must consider your responsibility to others, apply individual judgement, and grow morally to understand others and balance my needs with your needs
Laws regulate behavior from the outside in. Ethics regulates behavior from the inside out |
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Term
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Definition
An ethical problem with no single, or simple, “right” answer
right vs. good, not right vs. wrong
good and right arguments on all sides
require careful moral reasoning
answers must come from within you, but your answers should be informed by what others have written and experienced
Not performed in a vacuum |
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Taste= Manners and Cultural Awareness
tastes tend to fluctuate more than ethics do |
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Definition
Attribute ideas and words that are not yours when paraphrasing and summarizing
Read carefully and take accurate notes
Record interviews and keep accurate, clarifying notes
Retain copies
Proofread and edit as needed |
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| golden mean, moral agent (+role model and virtue ethics) |
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Categorical Imperative, act
Categorical imperatives
Universally acceptable standards
Not subject to situational factors
Act morally from a sense of duty
Strict
Strict imperatives are what you shouldn’t do
I.e. don’t lie, don’t steal, don’t cheat, “thou shall not”
Meritorious
Meritorious imperatives are what you should do
I.e. be loyal, be kind, etc |
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Definition
Utilitarianism, Consequences
The greatest good for the greatest number, but NOT ends justify means.
Consequences of actions priority |
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Definition
Pluralistic Theory of Values, Context
COMPETING DUTIES, leaves room for dilemmas, 7 duties (prima facie) adnd duty proper (decision duty) |
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| Ross's 7 Duties (prima facie) +2 |
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Definition
Fidelity
Reparation
Gratitude
Justice
Beneficence
Self-improvement
Not injuring others
*Veracity (truthfulness)
*Nurturing |
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Definition
Shared responsibilities, audience or individuals
How will my action affect society? Evaluate dilemma based on shared values vs. individual action |
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| primary ethical communication focus for each philosophy |
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Definition
Aristotle - Moral Agent
Kant - Act
Ross - Context
Mill - Consequences
Communitarianism - Audience or individuals |
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Term
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Definition
Pre Conventional-obey to avoid punishment
Conventional-respect duties because rules say so, conform to meet expectations
Post conventional-do what's right because right thing to do |
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Definition
Stage 1-self protection to avoid harm
Stage 2-responsibility/ social protection, self sacrifice
Stage 3-self care and care for others |
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| Kohlberg, rights based, focus on moral duty, objectivity |
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| Gilligan, choices based on relationships, emphasis on care and community |
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-Decisions based on in-depth analysis
-Rules, consequences, loyalties weighed |
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Definition
-Anything goes
-No universal principles exist
-Pre-conventional |
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Term
| Applying Situation Ethics |
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Definition
1)Define the ethical problem
Cover facts
2) Investigate alternatives
3) Consult the rules
4)Consult Others
5) Take action
6) Evaluate, assess |
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Term
| Contributors to ethical decision making |
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Definition
1)Authority - God, law, employer, codes (external)
2)Precedent - Experience, history
3)Emotion - Personal feelings and intuition (internal)
4)Logic - Problem-solving; oriented toward future |
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Definition
| if it becomes public, is that ok? |
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Definition
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Term
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1)Identify the facts
2)Identify your values
3)Apply philosophical principles
4)Choose/prioritize loyalties
5)make a decision |
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Term
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Definition
1) Consult your conscience
2) Seek expert advice
3) Conduct public discussion as feasible
4) Make a decision |
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Term
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Definition
Specialized knowledge base
Public Service
Broad Autonomy
Self Regulation
Status
Associations |
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Term
| Ethics Code pros and cons |
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Definition
Pro- Trains novices
-deters gov't intervention
-evolve as needed
Cons- not enforceable
- not everyone member |
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Definition
| remove self from situation, Rawls |
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| in memory, handed down through ages |
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| perfect forms, captures through rationality and intellect |
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| Medieval truth- kings and church authorities on truth |
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| science, replicable, verifiable, universal |
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| framing to organize perspectives, accounts for human fallability |
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| truth is relative, the meaning we assign to beliefs |
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Term
| Marketplace of ideas value |
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Definition
-All speech has some value
-Truth will emerge
-Rational people can ID what’s true
-Consequences for falsehoods
-What’s true now may be disproved later
-There is value in rigorous debate
-Untruths can help reinforce value of truth |
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Term
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Definition
1)inform fully
2)persuade
3)nontruth (no intent to deceive)
4)"justified" deception
5)lying |
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| part of social contract, has limits, social act |
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| possibility of misplaced loyalty |
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Loyalty primary ethical principle
Act of Choice
Builds ethical habits
Harmony of loyalties |
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Term
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Definition
A way of knowing that connects human perception with facts and then knowledge. It also a process of information collection.
All facts and people are regarded as equal and equally worthy of coverage |
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Term
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Definition
Truth
Authenticity (Intent, sincerity)
Respect
Equity (equal access to info, where to get more info)
Social Responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
-Legal term associated with open-meeting and open-record statuses
-These laws are a legal, not ethical, construct
-Ethical problems can emerge: should journalists print everything that is ‘right to know’? For example, police records names of suspects, victims, etc, but should they be kept private for security reasons? |
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Term
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Definition
Citizens ‘need’ to know the information to get on with their daily lives
Most ethically compelling argument of the three
Demands that an ethical case be constructed for making known information that others wish to be kept private |
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Definition
| pure curiosity, least ethically compelling |
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Secrecy-Blocking information intentionally to prevent other from learning, possessing, using, or revealing it
-Ensures that the information is kept from any public view
Privacy
-Concerned with determining who will possess the information
-Does not require that information never reach public view, but rather who has control over that information which becomes public |
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Term
| Libertarianism vs Social Responsibility of the press |
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Definition
Libertarianism
-Restrict government interference
-It’s a restriction function, relying on the marketplace of ideas
-Supports individual rights
-Watching function
-Inform debate
Social responsibility of the press
-media responsibilities to society as a whole, not just individual
-Forum for exchange of comment/ criticism
-Representative picture of constituent groups in society
-Present/clarify goals and values of society
-Full access to day’s intelligence |
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Term
| Enlightened self interest |
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Definition
| balance of business' needs and public's needs |
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Term
| First Amendment Provisions |
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Definition
1)Freedom Speech
2)Freedom of the Press
3)Freedom of and from Religion
4)Right to Petition
5)Right of Assembly |
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