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| Agencies of socialization |
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Groups that contribute to an individual's behaviors, values, and roles.
Ex. Parents, School, Friends, Siblings, Mass Media, Personal Experience. |
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Likelyhood of people reacting negatively to violent content, group specific.
Ex. Women, Forgeiners |
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The idea that being exposed to violence in the media gratifies people's innate aggressive drive and thus reduces it's manifestion in real life. Social cognitive theory disproved this notion.
Ex. Shooting people on TV will make you less likely to want to do it. |
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| Behaviors are caused by direct experience and systematic observation. |
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Responses are conditioned by experiences, and related stimuli create similar responses.
Ex. Dangers and injuries, distortions of natural forms |
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Effect caused by surrounding ourselves with info and opinions that only we affirm.
Ex. Watching Tv that leans to our own views. |
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Computing the proportion of certain words or context as a whole in TV programming to to discover what the content is perceived as.
Ex. 1994 four TV networks a 1.5 million dollar research project to analyze TV content, 10 network shows were found to be highly violent. Cable was found to have much greater levels of violence. |
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Is the sharpening or exceptance of more neutral views.
Ex. If a person approaches a campaign from neutral ground, then crystallization is to occur. |
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Becoming more accepting of violence in our mist by being exposed to it often. Less trusting of nieghbors
Ex. video game violence |
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| Gaps that remain between income, racial, and education groups due to internet access limits over a prolonged period. |
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research adapted to specific ethnic cultures.
Ex. Lull 1982 conducted a 90 family observation of who controled the TV in the house. The father was claimed to have less power then was actually observed. |
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Provoked individuals exposed to explicit materials are more likely to engage in the behavior.
Ex. XXX is likely to cause arrousal and changes in attitude. |
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| Research with controlled variables, independant and dependant. Advantages are evidence of causality, Control, Low cost, replication of experiment is easy by other scientists. Disadvantages are artificiality, experimenter bias, and small pools making limited scope. |
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| Group Interviewing, with moderator, to gather info for a research project, develop a questionaire for surveys, Understand a phenomenon. |
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| A sequential series of behaviors observed by a clinical psychologist of sex offenders, from long term exposure to porn. Addiction, escalation, desensitization, imiation. |
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Classified as reporting on an event that took place or publicized within a 24-hour period and addresses issues of ongoing concern.
Ex. Crisis news |
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| News stories that don't bear specific immediate concern. |
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| Pointing to harmful effects caused by the desensitizing of violent, sexual, and hate on our society, due to prolonged media coverage of it. |
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| changes in cognitions, attitudes, emotions, or behavior, from exposure to mass media. |
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| the full spectrum of effects accompanying the various relationships identified between the media and society. |
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| Sample selections, questionnaires used to study environmental variables. |
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| The very process of being observed may influence a subject's conscious performance. |
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Supplementing observational data with data gathered by other means
Ex. Questionaires or archived records with observations |
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| A direct causal relationship of violent content and aggressive behavior. |
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Observed reinforcement works the same as actual reinforcement.
Ex. Children seeing a video of scolding from behavior, will not exert that same behavior, for fear of the same scolding. |
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Refered to as the amount of control exercised over a medium by a user and the level of cognitive processing required for impact.
Ex. High involvement - print media, causes the user a full effort in absorbing the material.
Low Involvement - Broadcast, the user plays no role in the presentation speed. Does not require as much focus. |
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| Strengthening or advocacy of present attitutes and opinions. |
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Wealthy have more access to knowledge, poor have less.
Ex. Sesame Street was designed to close this gap. |
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| Over exposure to advertising causing irritation, over targeted markets. |
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