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Med109- GR digestive and urinary systems
Digestive and Urinary flash cards ( prefixes,suffixes, root words, abbreviations, acronyms, eponyms)
91
Medical
Not Applicable
10/12/2026

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Cards

Term

Dysphasia

 

 

Prefix: dys-: painful, difficult, or abnormal 

Definition
Difficulty swallowing
Term

Endoscopy

 

Prefix: endo-: within or inside

Definition
Visual examination within a hollow organ
Term

Perianal 

 

prefix: peri-: around or surrounding 

Definition
Around the anus
Term

Sublingual 

 

prefix: sub- under, below, or beneath 

Definition
Under the tongue
Term

Gastritis 

 

prefix: gastro- stomach 

Definition
Inflammation of the stomach
Term

Hepatitis 

 

prefix: hepato- liver

Definition
Inflammation of the liver
Term

Enteritis

 

prefix: entero- intestine, usually the small intestine 

Definition
Inflammation of the intestine
Term

Colostomy 

prefix: colo- colon or large intestine 

Definition
Surgical opening into the colon
Term

Esophagitis

 

Prefix: esophago- esophagus 

Definition
Inflammation of the esophagus
Term

Duodenitis

 

prefix: duoden- duodenum, the first part of the small intestine 

Definition
Inflammation of the duodenum
Term

Jejunal

 

prefix: jujen- jejunum, the middle part of the small intestine 

Definition
Pertaining to the jejunum
Term

Ileostomey

 

prefix: ileo- ileum the lower part of the small intestine 

Definition
Surgical opening of the ileum
Term

Glossitis

 

prefix: gloss- tongue 

Definition
Inflammation of the tongue
Term

Gingivitis 

prefix: gingiv- gums

Definition
Inflammation of the gums
Term

Cholecyst

 

Prefix: Chloe - gall or bile

Definition
Gallbladder
Term
Nephr/o
Definition
Kidney
Term
REN/o
Definition
Kidney
Term
Cyst/o
Definition
Bladder or sac
Term
Vesic/o
Definition
Bladder or sac
Term
Pyle/ o
Definition
Renal pelvis ( part of the kidney that collects urine)
Term
Ureter/o
Definition
Ureter( tube from kidney to bladder)
Term
Urethr/ o
Definition
Urethra ( tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)
Term
Glomerul/ o
Definition
Glomerulus ( tiny cluster of blood vessels in the kidneys)
Term
Meat/ o
Definition
Meatus ( external urinary opening)
Term
Ur/ o
Definition
Urine or urinary tract
Term
Urin/ o
Definition
Urine or urinary tract
Term
Lith/ o
Definition
Stone or calculus
Term
Glyc/ o
Definition
Sugar or glucose
Term
Glycos/ o
Definition
Sugar or glucose
Term
Olig/ o
Definition

Scanty or few ( very little urine)

Term
Hydr/ o
Definition
Water( hydronephrosis)
Term
Py/ o
Definition
Pus ( pyuria)
Term
Azot/ o
Definition
Urea or nitrogen
Term
Albumin/ o
Definition
Albumin ( a type of protein)
Term
Noct/ o
Definition
Night ( nocturia)
Term
BMI
Definition
Body mass index
Term
EGD
Definition
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Term
GERD
Definition
Gastroesophagel reflex disease
Term
GI
Definition
Gastrointestinal
Term
IBD
Definition
Inflammatory bowel disease
Term
IBS
Definition
Irritable bowel syndrome
Term
NG
Definition
Nasogastric ( tube)
Term
NAFLD
Definition
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Term
PUD
Definition
Peptic ulcer disease
Term
UC
Definition
Ulcerative colitis
Term
BE
Definition
Barium enema
Term
ERCP
Definition
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Term
LFT
Definition
Liver function test
Term
PEG
Definition
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Term
TNP
Definition
Total parenteral Nutrition
Term
SBO
Definition
Small bowel Obstruction
Term
NG TUBE
Definition
Nasogastric tube
Term
UC
Definition
Ulcerative colitis
Term
ARF
Definition
Acute renal failure
Term
BPH
Definition
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Term
DRE
Definition
Digital rectal examination
Term
ESRD
Definition
End-stage  renal disease
Term
UTI
Definition
Urinary tract infection
Term
IH
Definition
Inguinal hernia
Term
FTT
Definition
Failure to thrive
Term
TURP
Definition
Transurethral resection of the prostate
Term
ESWL
Definition
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Term
PKD
Definition
Polycystic kidney disease
Term
Brunners glands
Definition
Glands in the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus to protect the intestinal lining
Term
Crohn’s disease
Definition
A chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract
Term
Gilbert’s syndrome
Definition
A hereditary liver disorder resulting in mildly elevated bilirubin levels
Term

Dyspepsia (for indigestion)

 

-Pepsia:

Definition
Digestion or state of digestion
Term

Dysphagia 

-phagia: eating or swallowing

Definition
Difficulty swallowing
Term

Hematemesis 

-emesis: vomiting

Definition
Vomiting blood
Term

Diarrhea 

-rrhea: flow or discharge

Definition
Frequent loose or water flow
Term

Lipase

 

-ase: Enzyme used to break down specific substances

Definition
Breaking down fats, or lactase for breaking down diary
Term
-itis:
Definition
Inflammation
Term
-uria:
Definition
Urine or condition of urination
Term
-ectomy:
Definition
Surgical removal
Term
-pexy:
Definition
Surgical fixation or suspension
Term
-lithiasis
Definition
Presence or formation of stones
Term
Gastr/o
Definition
Stomach
Term
Hepat/o
Definition
Liver
Term
Enter/o
Definition
Intestine( usually small intestine)
Term
Col/o or colon/o
Definition
Colon or large intestine
Term
Or/o
Definition
Mouth
Term
Nephr/o
Definition
Kidney
Term
Cyst/o
Definition
Urinary bladder or sac
Term
Pyel/o
Definition
Renal pelvis
Term
Ureter/o
Definition
Ureter(the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder)
Term
Urethr/o
Definition
Urethra( the tube carrying urine out of the body)
Term
UTI (Urinary tract infection)
Definition
An infection in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra
Term
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
Definition
A blood test that measures waste products to evaluate how well the kidneys are functioning
Term
GFR ( Glomerular Filtration Rate)
Definition
A test that estimates how much blood passes through the tiny filters (glomeruli) in the kidneys each minute
Term
KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, and bladder)
Definition
A basic abdominal X-ray used to check the urinary and gastrointestinal organs
Term
Bowman’s Capsule
Definition
A double walled cup shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus of each nephron in the kidney, named after Sir William Bowman.
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