Ab (Antibody)

• Definition: An antibody is a protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances (antigens) like bacteria, viruses, or toxins. Antibodies help neutralize these invaders.

Ag (Antigen)

• Definition: An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response in the body, such as bacteria, viruses, or other foreign particles. Antigens stimulate the production of antibodies.

CA, Ca (Cancer)

• Definition: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It can develop in any organ or tissue.

CIS (Carcinoma In Situ)

• Definition: Carcinoma in situ is a term used to describe cancer cells that are in the place where they first formed and have not spread to surrounding tissues. It is an early-stage cancer.

DCIS (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ)

• Definition: DCIS is a non-invasive type of breast cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct but have not spread beyond the duct. It is an early form of breast cancer.

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

• Definition: ELISA is a laboratory test used to detect antibodies in the blood, commonly used to diagnose infections, such as HIV, or monitor immune responses.

HL (Hodgkin Lymphoma)

• Definition: Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system and is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. It affects the immune system's ability to fight

HZ (Herpes Zoster)

• Definition: Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox. It results in a painful rash.

IgA (Immunoglobulin A)

• Definition: IgA is an antibody that plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity, providing protection to body surfaces such as the respiratory and digestive tracts.

IgD (Immunoglobulin D)

• Definition: IgD is a type of antibody that is present in small amounts in the blood and is involved in the activation of immune responses, particularly in the development of B cells.

IgE (Immunoglobulin E)

• Definition: IgE is an antibody that is involved in allergic reactions and protects against parasitic infections. Elevated IgE levels are often seen in individuals with allergies.

IgG (Immunoglobulin G)

• Definition: IgG is the most common type of antibody in the blood and body fluids, providing long-term protection against bacteria and viruses. It plays a critical role in the immune response.

IgM (Immunoglobulin M)

• Definition: IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection. It provides early defense while the body prepares to produce more specific antibodies like IgG.

IG (Immunoglobulin)

• Definition: Immunoglobulin is a type of antibody produced by the immune system to help fight infections. There are different types of immunoglobulins, each playing a unique role in the immune response.

LE (Lupus Erythematosus)

• Definition: Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissue, causing inflammation, pain, and damage to various parts of the body, including skin, joints, and organs.

MET (Metastasis)

• Definition: Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the original (primary) site to other parts of the body. This process makes cancer more difficult to treat and more dangerous.

Met (Metastatic)

• Definition: Metastatic refers to cancer that has spread from the primary site to other parts of the body, typically through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)

• Definition: MMR is a vaccine that protects against three viral infections: measles, mumps, and rubella. These diseases can cause serious health complications, but vaccination can prevent them.

NHL (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma)

• Definition: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic system. Unlike Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL does not involve Reed-Sternberg cells and includes various subtypes.

VSZ (Varicella Zoster Virus)

• Definition: Varicella zoster virus is the virus responsible for causing chickenpox and shingles. After initial infection, it remains dormant in the body and can reactivate as shingles later in life.