-ation

• Meaning: Process, condition
• Example: Expectoration –the process of coughing up material from the lungs.

-centesis

• Meaning: Surgical puncture to remove fluid
• Example: Thoracentesis –removal of fluid from the pleural space.

-dynia

• Meaning: Pain
• Example: Pleurodynia –pain in the pleura (lining of the lungs).

-ectasis

• Meaning: Dilation, expansion
• Example: Bronchiectasis –dilation of the bronchi.

-ema

• Meaning: Condition
• Example: Empyema –a collection of pus within a cavity in the body, particularly the pleural space of the lungs.

-ia

• Meaning: Condition
• Example: Hypoxia –a condition of low oxygen levels.

-ive

• Meaning: Having the ability to, pertaining to
• Example: Antitussive –a medication used to suppress coughing.

-meter

• Meaning: Measuring device
• Example: Pulse oximeter –a device used to measure oxygen saturation levels in the blood.

-oma

• Meaning: Tumor, mass
• Example: Granuloma –a mass of immune cells in the lungs.

-pnea

• Meaning: Breathing
• Example: Orthopnea –difficulty breathing that improves when sitting or standing upright. It is often associated with heart failure or lung conditions where lying flat can cause shortness of breath.

-ptysis

• Meaning: Spitting
• Example: Hemoptysis –spitting up blood from the respiratory tract.

-rrhea

• Meaning: Discharge, flow
• Example: Rhinorrhea –discharge from the no

-scopy

• Meaning: Visual examination
• Example: Bronchoscopy –visual examination of the bronchi.

-scope

• Meaning: Instrument for viewing
• Example: Bronchoscope –an instrument used to view the bronchi.

-spasm

• Meaning: Involuntary contraction
• Example: Bronchospasm –involuntary contraction of the bronchi, often seen in asthma.

-staxis

• Meaning: Dripping, bleeding
• Example: Epistaxis –the medical term for a nosebleed.

-stomy

• Meaning: Creation of an opening
• Example: Tracheostomy –the surgical creation of an opening in the trachea.

-tomy

• Meaning: Cutting, incision
• Example: Laryngotomy –a surgical incision into the larynx (voice-box).