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Definition
| Absence of, without Example: Atrophy – Wasting away or reduction in muscle size due to lack of use, often resulting from prolonged immobility, nerve damage, or muscle disease. |
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| Away from Example: Abduction – Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, such as raising the arm or leg to the side, common in physical therapy and exercise routines. |
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| Toward Example: Adduction – Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body, such as bringing the arm or leg back to its resting position after abduction. |
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| Slow Example: Bradykinesia – Slowness of movement, often a symptom of neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease, affecting motor function and coordination. |
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| Painful, difficult, abnormal, labored Example: Dystonia – A condition characterized by abnormal muscle tone or involuntary muscle contractions, which can lead to repetitive movements, abnormal postures, and impaired function. |
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| Above, excessive Example: Hypertonia – Excessive muscle tone, resulting in stiffness or rigidity, commonly seen in conditions like cerebral palsy or stroke. |
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| Between Example: Intervertebral disc – A fibrocartilaginous structure located between the vertebrae of the spine, providing cushioning and flexibility. |
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| Within, in Example: Intramuscular injection – An injection administered directly into a muscle, commonly used for vaccines or medication delivery. |
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Many, much Example: Polydactyly – A congenital condition characterized by having more than the normal number of fingers or toes, which may require surgical correction for functional or cosmetic reasons.
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Below, under Example: Subscapularis muscle – A muscle located below the scapula (shoulder blade), playing a key role in shoulder rotation and stabilization.
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| Above Example: Suprapatellar – Refers to the area above the patella (kneecap), commonly associated with the suprapatellar bursa, which reduces friction and allows smooth movement of the quadriceps tendon over the femur. |
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| Together, joined Example: Symphysis pubis – A cartilaginous joint where the two pubic bones meet in the pelvis, allowing slight movement for childbirth and pelvic flexibility. |
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Together, joined Example: Synarthrosis – A type of immovable joint where bones are joined together, such as in the skull, providing stability and protection to vital organs.
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Pertaining to Example: Femoral – Pertaining to the femur, the largest bone in the body, located in the thigh.
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| Pain Example: Myalgia – Pain in a muscle, often caused by overuse, injury, or systemic conditions like fibromyalgia. |
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| Pertaining to Example: Patellar – Pertaining to the kneecap (patella), a small bone that protects the knee joint and assists in movement. |
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| Weakness Example: Myasthenia – Muscle weakness, commonly associated with conditions like myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular function. |
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| Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid Example: Arthrocentesis – Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, often used to relieve swelling or analyze joint conditions. |
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| Break Example: Osteoclasia – Surgical breaking of bone tissue to correct deformities or aid in the healing process in severe cases. |
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| Break Example: Osteoclast – A specialized bone cell that breaks down bone tissue during bone remodeling and repair. |
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| Surgical fixation, fusion Example: Arthrodesis – Surgical fusion of a joint to provide stability and reduce pain, often used for severe arthritis. |
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Excision, surgical removal, cutting out Example: Tenectomy – Surgical removal of part of a tendon, often performed to treat chronic tendon inflammation or injury.
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| The record, radiographic image Example: Myogram – A record of muscle contraction activity, often used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders. |
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| Process of recording, radiographic imaging Example: Arthrography – Imaging of a joint using contrast dye to assess joint structures such as cartilage, ligaments, and bones. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to Example: Thoracic – Pertaining to the thorax (chest), which houses the lungs, heart, and other vital structures. |
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| Inflammation Example: Myositis – Inflammation of muscle tissue, which can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. |
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| Loosening, separating, dissolution Example: Osteolysis – Destruction or dissolution of bone tissue, often seen in conditions like bone metastasis or infection. |
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| Softening Example: Chondromalacia – Softening of cartilage, particularly in the knee, leading to pain and difficulty with movement. |
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| Resembling Example: Myeloid – Resembling bone marrow, often used to describe cells or tissues related to hematopoiesis. |
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Tumor Example: Rhabdomyoma – A benign tumor of muscle tissue, typically found in the heart or skeletal muscles.
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| Abnormal condition Example: Scoliosis – Abnormal curvature of the spine, which can cause back pain, reduced mobility, and postural issues. |
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| Abnormal reduction Example: Sarcopenia – Loss of muscle mass and strength, often associated with aging, inactivity, or poor nutrition. |
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| Growth Example: Epiphysis – The growth end of a long bone, critical during childhood and adolescence for bone elongation. |
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Surgical repair Example: Myoplasty – Surgical repair or reconstruction of damaged or weakened muscle tissue.
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| Suturing, repairing Example: Tenorrhaphy – Suturing of a torn or severed tendon to restore function and stability. |
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Malignant tumor Example: Osteosarcoma – A malignant bone tumor commonly affecting children and young adults, requiring surgical and medical treatment.
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| Process of viewing, visual examination Example: Arthroscopy – Visual examination of a joint using a specialized instrument to diagnose and treat joint conditions. |
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| Incision, cut into Example: Myotomy – Surgical incision into a muscle, often performed to relieve tightness or treat muscle disorders. |
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| Nourishment, development Example: Hypertrophy – Excessive development of tissue or an organ, commonly referring to increased muscle size due to exercise or compensatory growth. |
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