without

example: apnea- absence of breathing

toward

Example- adduction- movement toward the middle

away from

Example: abduction- movement away from the middle

before; forward

Example: anteversion- abnormal forward rotation

slow

Example: bradykinesia- slow movement

bad; painful; difficult

Example: dysplasia- abnormal development of tissues

above; excessive

Example: hyperextension- excessive extension of a joint

below; deficient

Example: hypotonia- deceased muscle tone

between

Example: intervertebral- between vertebrae

within

Example: intramuscular- within a muscle

around

Example: periosteum- membrane around a bone

many

Example: polyarthritis- inflammation of many joints

under; below

Example: subcutaneous- under the skin

pain

Example: myalgia- muscle pain

weakness

Example: myasthenia- muscle weakness

hernia; swelling

Example: meningocele- protrusion involving the meninges

breaking; surgical fracture

Example: osteoclasis- surgical breaking of bone

binding; surgical fusion

Example: arthrodesis- surgical fusion of a joint

surgical removal

Example: meniscectomy- surgical removal of a meniscus

blood condition

Example: anemia- condition involving reduced red blood cells

formation; production

Example: osteogenesis- bone formation

record; image

Example: arthrogram- record/image of a joint

instrument of recording

Example: electromyograph - instrument recording muscle electrical activity

process of recording

Example: arthrography- imaging/recording of a joint

condition

Example: dystonia- abnormal muscle tone

inflammation

Example: arthritis- joint inflammation

loosening; destruction

Example: osteolysis- bone destruction

abnormal softening

Example: osteomalacia- softening of the bone

enlargement

Example: splenomegaly- enlarged spleen

tumor; mass

Example: sarcoma- malignant tumor of connective tissue

abnormal condition

Example: osteoporosis- abnormal loss of bone density

incision into

Example: tenotomy- incision into a tendon

disease

Example: arthropathy- joint disease

surgical fixation

Example: arthropexy - surgical fixation of a joint

surgical repair

Example: arthroplasty- surgical repair/replacement of a joint

surgical suturing

Example: tenorrhaphy- suturing of a tendon

rupture

Example: tenorrhexis- rupture of a tendon

abnormal hardening

Example: osteosclerosis- abnormal hardening of bone

development; nourishment

Example: muscular hypertrophy- enlargement from increased muscle size

joint

Example: arthritis- inflammation of a joint

arm

Example: brachial- relating to the arm

wrist

Example: carpal- relating to the wrist

cartilage

Example: chondromalacia- softening of cartilage

rib

Example: costal- relating to a rib

skull

Example: craniotomy- incision into the skull

fascia

Example: fasciitis- inflammation of fascia

femur; thigh bone

Example: femoral- relating to the femur

fibula

Example: fibular - relating to the fibula

humpback; kyphosis

Example: kyphosis- abnormal outward curvature of the spine

muscle

Example: myopathy- muscle disease

bone

Example: osteoporosis- loss of done density

patella; kneecap

Example: patellar- relating to the kneecap

pelvis

Example: pelvic- relating to the pelvis

phalanges; finger/toe bones

Example: phalangeal- relating to the phalanges

foot

Example: podiatry- medical care of the foot

skeletal or striated muscle

Example: rhabdomyolysis- breakdown of skeletal muscle

crooked; curved

Example: scoliosis- abnormal lateral spinal curvature

vertebra; vertebral column

Example: spondylosis- degenerative condition of the vertebrae

sternum; breastbone 

Example: sternal- relating to the sternum

syonvial membrane; synovial fluid

Example: synovitis- inflammation of the synovial membrane

ankle; ankle bone

Example: tarsal- relating to the ankle bone

tendon

Example: tendonitis- inflammation of a tendon

tendon

Example: tenotomy- incision into a tendon

chest

Example: thoracic- relating to the chest

ulna

Example: ulnar- relating to the ulna

vertebra

Example: vertebral- relating to a vertebra

calcaneus; heel bone

Example: calcaneal- relating to the heel bone

clavicle; collarbone

Example: clavicular- relating to the clavicle

neck; cervical spine

Example: cervical- relating to the neck

buttock

Example: gluteal- relating to the buttock

ilium; part of the hip bone

Example: iliac- relating to the ilium

ischium; lower hip bone

Example: ischial- relating to the ischium

lower back; lumbar region

Example: lumbar- relating to the lower back

metatarsal bone of hand

Example: metacarpal- relating to the hand bones

metatarsal bones of foot

Example: metatarsal- relating to the foot bone

anterior cruciate ligament

Example: ACL tear- injury to the knee ligament

acromioclavicular

Example: AC joint- joint between the acromion and clavicle

above-knee amputation

Example: AKA- amputation above the knee

below-knee amputation

BKA- amputation below the knee

range of motion

Example: ROM exercises- exercises to maintain joint movements

active range of motion

Example: AROM- patient moves the joint independently

passive range of motion

Example: PROM- another person moves the joint

deep vein thrombosis

Example: DVT- blood clot in a deep vein

electromyography

example: EMG- test of electrical activity in muscles

magnetic resonance imaging

Example: MRI- imaging used to evaluate soft tissue and joints

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Example: medication commonly used for pain/ inflammation

open reduction and internal fixation

Example: ORIF- surgical repair of a fracture using fixation devices

total hip arthroplasty

Example: THA- total hip joint replacement

total knee arthroplasty

Example: TKA- total knee joint replacement

rheumatoid arthroplasty

Example: RA- autoimmune inflammatory arthritis

osteoarthritis

Example: OA- degenerative joint disese

anterior cruciate ligament injury

Example: ACL injury- tear or sprain of the knee ligament

named for Achilles in Greek mythology

Example: Achilles tendon- strong tendon connecting calf muscle to the hell

named for physician James Ewing

Example: Ewing sarcoma- malignant bone/soft tissue tumor

bursa; fluid-filled sac near a joint

Example: bursitis- inflammation of a bursa