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MED test #2
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76
Art History
5th Grade
04/07/2013

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Cards

Term
When/Where did the audiotape come from?
Definition
1940's in Germany, came to US after WWII enabling multitrack recording
Term
When did audio-cassettes become available for consumers and what was the result
Definition
Mid 1960's, decreased sale of record sales due to mix tapes being made but increased sale of blank audiotapes
Term
What does CD stand for/hit the market/when did CD sales double LP sales?
Definition
1983, Compact disc, by 1987 CD sales were double the amount of LP sales
Term
What forms of music did rock and roll incorporate to make this new sound?
Definition
Vocal and instrumental traditions of pop with rhythm and blues, country, black, blues, gospel, with white influences of country, folk, and pop vocals
Term
What social, cultural, economic factors contributed to the growth of rock and roll?
Definition
black migration, he growth of youth culture, and the beginnings of racial integration
Term
What old distinction and traditions did rock and roll begin to blur in the 1950’s?
Definition
between high and low culture, masculinity and femininity, the country and the city, the North and the South, and the sacred and the secular
Term
What producer and what company championed soul music in the 1960’s?
Definition
Berry Gordy and Motown
Term
What did punk rock and grunge rock do to rock and roll in the 1970’s and 1990’s respectively?
Definition
punk rock: helped other bands start out and become a success
Grunge rock: offered departure from the theatrics and extravageanzas of glam rock
Term
• How has rap music redrawn the musical lines of the 1990’s? What is some of the controversy surrounding rap music?
Definition
graffiti art, rapping, breakdancing, street clothes, poetry; lyrics degrade women, applaud violence and agree with homophobia, gangsta rap creates violence
Term
How much money does an artist receive from a single CD?
Definition
50 cents- 2 dollars
Term
What is the controversy with MP3 and the spread of music over the internet?
Definition
With stealing music online and through the internet it makes it difficult for artists and companies to make money and keep track of their music
Term
What music forms helped originate rhythme and blues/ rocknroll
Definition
blues music came to the north with influences from african americans spiritually, and work based songs, electric guitar contributed as well
Term
How were black artists and their intellectual property treated in early rock and roll
Definition
White artists covered black artists songs buying rights for little money and not giving profits they deserve
Term
What is the trend in music company ownership?
Definition
Consistent/powerful oligopoly, enormous influence in what music gains worldwide distribution and acceptance
Term
Where does term radio come from?
Definition
army coined word radio, derived from "radius"- spoke of a wheel or ray light because transmitted sound travel out in all directions form a center hub like spokes of a wheel
Term
What is a hertz/where did name come from?
Definition
German Heinrich Hertz created crude disk that permitted electrical sparks to leap across a small gap. FIRST RECORDED TRANSMISSION
Term
Hertz=
Definition
SI unit of frequency, one cycle per second
Term
What did marconi do/why famous?
Definition
He received a patent on wireless telegraphy in 1896. He has been cited as the “father of radio.” He was essentially the inventor of radio
Term
Who was Tesla? What did he do and when?
Definition
technically invented the radio first in 1943
Term
Reginald Fessenden/his contribution
Definition
First voice broadcast, worked for GE, improved wireless signals
Term
Lee Deforest/nickname/invention
Definition
Called himself "father of radio" invented wireless telephony and a way to amplify sound, developed AUDION
Term
Audion
Definition
triode vaccum tube that detected radio signals and amplify's them
Term
David Sarnoff
Definition
created first lasting network of radio stations NBC, in 1926, connected country through long lines
Term
Frank conrad/contribution
Definition
first disc jockey, turned home into first radio station KDKA
Term
When/who/station made first broadcast and when
Definition
1906 on christmas eve, reginald fessenden made first voice broadcast, on KDKA radio station
Term
Who wanted regulation in mid 1920's?
Definition
Everyone did, so congress passed Radio Act of 1927, liscenees dont own channels but must operate to serve public need, This created FCC
Term
Who formed/headed NBC, how many networks?
Definition
David Darnoff, owned 28 networks, RCA owned most of it
Term
Who owned CBS
Definition
William Paley
Term
What was payley's idea about providing programs/what type did he provide?
Definition
"Option time" CBS pays affiliates for portion of time, sold ad space and sponsorships, also created soap operas and comedy series
Term
Who was Edwin R. Armstrong/invention?
Definition
Developed FM radio, now radio can pick up distant signal, Works on major problem of electrical interference. STATIC FREE
Term
How was radio affected by TV in the 40's/50's
Definition
Sales decreased drastically, music/rocknroll/portable radio saved the radio
Term
How did the Telecommunications Act of 1996 affect radio?
Definition
Eliminated most ownership restrictions, large conglomerates (clear channel/CBS) control majority of radio stations
Term
What are the characteristics of radio today?
Definition
Satellite radio, HD radio, Internet Radio, Podcasting
Term
What is a radio format? What are the top 3 radio formats?
Definition
Formula Driven radio: management NOT Djs controlled music, (news/talk/information, country, other adult contemporary
Term
What is NPR? How is NPR affected by government and other commercial broadcasters?
Definition
National Public Radio-Noncommercial network, for tradition and experimentation
Term
What happened with the invention of transistors?
Definition
Allowed radio to go in cars, office, beac when tv's couldnt.
Term
What's the most widely listened to radio format today?
Definition
Country
Term
Where was the first known advertisement?
Definition
In 3000 BC in ancient babylon and Italy near Mount Vesuvius
Term
What is a broadside?
Definition
written form of communication which is typically designed to be posted in public place, conveys information, Newspapers ect
Term
What happened with advertising at the turn of the 20th century?
Definition
• The early 1900s saw the formation of several watchdog organizations. Advertising began to sell a way of life
Term
How did department stores contribute to advertising and consumption in the early 1900s?
Definition
Most advertising went to large stores and consumption
Term
What is brand distinction
Definition
companies package products in small amounts to differentiate themselves from the generic products sold in large bins and barrels
Term
What is a sponsor?
Definition
Where a company would purchase all or part of a TV program or all pages of a magazine
Term
What types of social changes did advertising contribute to the U.S.?
Definition
*product directed to consumer directed
*promoted technological advances
*encouraged economic growth
Term
What government organization watches over the advertising industry?
Definition
FTC federal trade commission who monitor advertising to stop misleading
Term
What happened with television advertisers in the 1950’s? What influences did the visual culture exert on advertising?
Definition
Advertising intruded on daily life, subliminal messages, ect
Term
what is product differentiation?
Definition
brand-name packaged goods represents the single biggest triumph of advertising, most ads not effective in short run but associate quality in long run
Term
• What is a slogan?
Definition
The phrase that attempts to sell a product by capturing its essence in words.
Term
Demographics
Definition
the earliest type of market research, mainly studied and documented audience members’ age, gender, occupation, ethnicity, education, and income
Term
Psychographics
Definition
research approach that attempts to categorize consumers according to their attitudes, beliefs, interests, and motivations
Term
VALS
Definition
Values and lifestyles-using questionnaires, VALS researchers measured psychological factors and divided consumers into types.VALS research assumes that
Term
Brand awareness
Definition
extent to which a brand is recognized by potential customers, and is correctly associated with a particular produc
Term
Maintenance
Definition
approach aimed at maintaining the current market share of a brand or product, by making ongoing but limited investment in its marketing, especially in stagnant or low growth markets
Term
Distinction
Definition
over time, manufacturers came to realize if products were distinctive and became associated with quality and value, consumers would ask for them by name
Term
Myth analysis
Definition
a strategy for critiquing advertising that provides insights into how ads work on a cultural level
Term
Association Principle
Definition
ssociates a product with some cultural value or image that has a positive connotation
Term
Disassociation principle
Definition
often links new brands in a product line to eccentric or simple regional places rather than to images conjured up by multinational conglomerates
Term
Famous-person
Definition
in which a product is endorsed by a well-known person
Term
Plain Folk-
Definition
associates a product with simplicity.
Term
Snob appeal
Definition
attempts to persuade consumers that using a product will maintain or elevate their social status
Term
Hidden-fear approach
Definition
Play on insecurity, pointing out that only a specific product could relieve embarrassing personal hygiene problems and restore a person to social acceptability
Term
Bandwagon effect
Definition
exaggerated claims that everyone is using a particular product
Term
Irritation advertising
Definition
: creating product-name recognition by being annoying or obnoxious
Term
What are the types of fallacies of advertising?
Definition
causal, bandwagon, either/or, hasty generalization, ad-hominem (personal attack), red-herring (irrelevant facts or arguments, distractions), misplaced authority, non-sequetir (argument doesn’t follow)
Term
What do visible character codes of advertising tell us about characters/stereotypes?
Definition
Age, gender, race, height, weight, physical appeal, dress
Term
Why do ads use stereotypes? How does a good ad use stereotypes?
Definition
• To appeal to a certain demographic. By associating products with nationalism, happy families, success at school or work, natural scenery, or humor. Appeal to a certain population
Term
How are consumers generally meant to respond to ads, emotionally or intellectually?
Definition
to respond emotionally. The stories offer comfort about our deepest desires and conflicts
Term
What is semiotics? What are some semiotic codes?
Definition
•Using signs and symbols in relationship to the whole which help us make meaning.
•Color, intensity, product placemen
Term
Maslows hierarchy of needs/how ads add in
Definition
Self-Actualization: achieving individual potential
•Esteem: self-esteem and esteem from others
•Belonging: love, affection, being a part of groups
•Safety: shelter, removal from danger
Physiological: health, food, sleep
Term
What is puffery?
Definition
•Ads featuring hyperbole and exaggeration, a certain amount is okay.
Term
How did advertising impact newspapers? Historically and present day?
Definition
1900s more than half the space in daily papers was devoted to advertising. Recently, advertising revenue declined from a peak of $49 billion in 2005 to an estimated $22.3 billion by 2014--a loss of 44% as car, real estate, and help-wanted ads fell significantly. For many papers, fewer ads meant smaller papers, not more room for articles
Term
What's the difference between a mega-agency and a boutique agency?
Definition
• Mega agencies: large ad firms that formed by merging several agencies and that maintain regional offices worldwide.
• Boutique agencies: that devote their talents to only a handful of select clients.
Term
What is viral marketing?
Definition
Short videos or other content that (marketers hope) quickly gains widespread attention as users share it with friends online, or by word of mouth.
Term
What is product placement?
Definition
Strategically placing ads or buying space in--movies, TV shows, comic books, and most recently, video games, Blogs, and music videos--so products appear as part of a story’s set environment.
Term
What is the issue about excessive commercialism?
Definition
Commercial Alert has been working to “limit excessive commercialism in society” by informing the public about the ways that advertising has crept out of its “proper sphere.” Commercial Alert has aimed to strengthen non-commercial culture and limit the amount of corporate influence on publicly elected government bodies
Term
What are some of the major issues involved in political advertising?
Definition
Can serious info be displayed so fast, attack adds ruining others chances?
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