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Med Terms Ch 10
Integumentary, respiratory, cardiovascular
66
Medical
Undergraduate 1
05/07/2010

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Term
this is the largest organ in the body
Definition
skin
Term
the organs in the integumentary system include
Definition
skin, accessory glands, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nails
Term
this the study of skin
Definition
dermatology
Term
skin functions: acts as a ___ against the invasion of microorganisms
Definition
barrier
Term
skin functions: protects underlying structures from ___
Definition
injury
Term
skin functions: prevents the body from ___
Definition
drying out
Term
skin function: help maintain and regulate __ __
Definition
body temperature
Term
skin function: acts as a ___ for the sensations of touch, heat, cold, pressure and pain
Definition
receptor
Term
skin function: along with the kidneys, intestines, and lungs the skin plays a crucial role in the disposing of
Definition
waste products
Term
most ___ ___ ___ occurs through the skin in many different ways
Definition
body heat loss
Term
heat loss: heat energy is transmitted as rays to the surrounding area
Definition
radiation
Term
heat loss: heat energy passes by direct contact through a non moving medium
Definition
conduction
Term
heat loss: heat transfer occurs in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another
Definition
convection
Term
heat loss: as perspiration or other fluids on the skin and hair change to vapor, they absorb heat
Definition
evaporation
Term
any other heat loss mainly occurs through __ __ of the respiratory tract, lessor amounts lost through the __ and __ tracts
Definition
mucous membranes, digestive, urinary
Term
skin composition: 2 principle layers,___ thin outer layer, visible to naked eye
Definition
epidermis
Term
skin composition: __ also called corium, inner thicker layer
Definition
dermis
Term
the epidermis is made up of
Definition
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Term
skin color is determined by the amount of skin pigment or ___ in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis
Definition
melanin
Term
___ is the chief factor influencing skin color
Definition
heredity
Term
__ and some ___ also affect skin color
Definition
sunlight, hormones
Term
true albinism prevents ____ of the skin, hair, eyes, they may suffer from associated lethal traits, lack protection from some of the damaging effects of ___
Definition
pigmentation, sunlight
Term
___ ___ can affect the skin color, oxygen supplies go down the color will get cyanotic, lower forms of life, chameleon, change skin color quickly to mimic their environment as a means of ___
Definition
bloody supply, cyanotic, defense
Term
the dermis is also known as ___ and is made of dense, ___, ___ tissues
Definition
corium, connective
Term
the dermis contains ___ ___, ___ and arrector pili which are small bundles of ___ ___ that are attached to hair follicles when these muscles contract, hair stiffens
Definition
blood vessels, nerves, involuntary muscles
Term
smooth muscle contract is also noticed in the ___ ____ reaction, which is initiated by the sympathetic nervous system. also known as raising its hackles, hairs along the neck and back it enlarges its apparent size to bluff an opponent during battle
Definition
fight or flight
Term
other items found in the dermis, ___ ___ which are oil producing and lubricate the hair, ___ ___ and receptors for the sensations of ___ heat ___ and pain
Definition
sebaceous glands, sweat glands, touch, cold
Term
the SQ layer under the dermis is the ___ or ___ it consists of loose, ___ connective tissue, and ___ tissue
Definition
hypodermis, subcutis, areolar, adipose
Term
skin tends to conform and adhere to the underlying elements, the hypodermis allows the skin to move over the deeper structures ___ ___
Definition
without tearing
Term
skin differs throughout the body, its ___ , ___ and it ___ in ____
Definition
tough, stretchable and varies thickness
Term
skin is thickest where it is exposed to hard usage ___ of dogs, forehead, dorsal neck, dorsal thorax, ___,base of the ___
Definition
footpads, rump, tail
Term
skin of some animals is cleaned and preserved in a process called ___ to produce leather, particularly cattle
Definition
tanning
Term
the thinnest skin is generally located on ___ of ear, axillary regions, ___ regions, perianal regions
Definition
pinna, inguinal
Term
skin looseness varies with species, ___ have abundant loose skin about the neck and shoulders
Definition
rodents
Term
skin looseness varies with species, ___ have very little excess loose skin
Definition
swine
Term
hair covers most animals as thick coat, except areas of the muzzle and foot surfaces, some species are almost hairless: ___, animals have fur coats rather than hair coats. fur is __ fine ___ hair
Definition
swine, short, soft
Term
secondary hairs are also known as ___ ___ make up the undercoat, soft, thin and wavy
Definition
wool hairs
Term
this hair is thicker and longer than primary hair, most often found about the face, grow deep from the hypodermis or superficial muscle layer, each hair is accompanied by venous sinus that is generally innervated, this aids the function of the ___ ___ such as touch receptors
Definition
tactile hairs
Term
cat whiskers or ___ are a prime example of tactile hairs
Definition
vibrissa
Term
hair develops from this structure in the dermis, located at the base of a tube in the hair follicle
Definition
papilla
Term
cells at the base of the follicle increase and push upwards and keratinze, this process forms the ___ ___ ___ at the surface. positioned at a 30-60 degree angle to the skin
Definition
visible hair shaft
Term
two basic arrangements for hair growth, ___: cows and horses, primary hairs grow from separate follicular opening, ___ : dogs and cats 2 to 5 long guard hairs erupt from a single follicle, surrounded by clusters of wool hairs emerging from a common pore
Definition
simple, compound
Term
hair color is governed by genetics, its important for ___ ___ agouti - unique color pattern displayed in many animals such as dogs, cats, gerbils and rabbits
Definition
thermal regulation
Term
with this hair color, ____, hairs have several bands of light and dark pigment with black tips, this originated from South American rodent that also bears this color pattern
Definition
agouti
Term
this is the process of losing hairs: ___ , hairs grows during cycles, peaks every spring and fall, occurs seasonally as a factor photoperiod, temperate, nutrition, hormones, genetics, general state of health, other intrinsic factors
Definition
shedding
Term
sweat glands are sudoriferous glands, ___ organs of the skin that cool the body, ___ sweat glands are found throughout the animal body, secrete a strong smelling albuminous substance into the hair follicles
Definition
excretory, apocrine
Term
the ___ sweat glands are coiled tubular structure embedded in the dermis, with its duct emerging on the skin surface, produce a watery sweat not distributed over the entire body, found in limited area, footpads and between the nostrils
Definition
exocrine
Term
amount of sweating is masked by the generous hair coast of most mammals, dogs and cats sweat very little instead the __, __, and __ __ on their coats to dissipate heat, horses sweat generously as evidence by the lathering up of sweat
Definition
pant, slobber and smear saliva
Term
sebaceous glands (holocrine glands) secrete a substance called sebum that lubricates the skin and hair, also ___ __ ___ gives the coat a glossy sheen, increase the spread of sweat,, slows bacterial growth, servers a territorial marker recognize by other members of the species
Definition
waterproofs the coat
Term
___ glands found in the lips of cats, during grooming or when a cat rubs its head against an object, secretion is deposited to mark the territory
Definition
circumoral
Term
___ sebaceous gland, glands produce a strong odor, attracts females to male goats during breeding season, glands are located caudomedially to the horn base of bucks and does
Definition
horn
Term
___ ___: sebaceous gland, cutaneous pouches located in the four and eight o'clock positions about the anus of carnivores, secretions are foul smelling, expressed during defecation as a territorial marker, skunks empty these sacs to ward of aggressors
Definition
anal sacs
Term
___ ___ are classified as modified sweat glands, locate din the external ear canal, secrete a yellowish, waxy substance called cerumen (earwax)
Definition
ceruminous glands
Term
the __ ___ of animals are covered by modified epidermal structures known as nails, claws, hoofs. All have the following parts in common, wall, sole, pad
Definition
distal phalanges
Term
in primates the nail is the ___, the claw in carnivores is the ___, which has been compressed laterally to form a sharp dorsal border, humans and bears are examples of plantigrade animals: have well developed ____
Definition
wall, wall, footpads
Term
hoofed animals are called ___, hoof is visible as the animal stands, it is the wall of the foot
Definition
ungulates
Term
nails, claws and hoofs: protect the deeper structures, can be used for scratching, digging or defense in battle, underlying dermis is richly ___ and ___, trimming the nail, claw or hoof too far is known as cutting the quick and results in bleeding and pain
Definition
innervated, vascularized
Term
[image]
Definition
wall - epidermal tissue that includes the toe (front), quarters (sides) and heels (back). bars - raised v-sheped structure on ventral surface of hoof, located on either side of frog, sole - softer hoof tissue located on the ventral surface of the hoof (bottom on the hoof), frog - v-shaped pad of soft horn located in the central region of the ventral hood ssurface between the bars
Term
modified epidermal structures ____ : rudimentary bone in the dog and pig, in ruminants they are like miniature hoofs, consist mainly of wall and bulb. serve no practical purpose, can bear weight on soft ground or when animal has week pasterns
Definition
dewclaw
Term
____: horn like protrusions on the medial surface of the legs, on the forelimb - located above the carpus, hindlimb - located medial to the hock, ___:keratinized epithelium found in the center of the caudal aspect of the fetlock, usually covered with hair
Definition
chestnuts, ergots
Term
horns and antlers are protrusions from the skull, only in some species, ___- naturally hornless, males have larger horned generally, horns are permanent structures that grows continuously soon after birth - composed of keratin, antlers are shed and regrown each year and are composed of bone
Definition
polled
Term
injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped

localized collection of pus

skin inflammation caused by plugged sebaceous glands and comedone development from papules and pustules

bacterial skin disease that is worsened by licking and scratching, also called hot spot
Definition
abrasion
abscess
acne
acute moist dermatitis
Term
hair loss resulting in hairless patches or complete lack of hair

normal hair loss due to various causes

hypersensitivity reaction in animal involving pruitus with secondary dermatitis, commonly called allergies dermatities

multiple contained skin elevations filled with fluid that are greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
Definition
alopecia
shedding
atopy
bullae
Term
tissue injury caused by heat, flame, electricity, chemicals or radiation

cluster of furuncles

malignant neoplasm of epithelial tissue

inflammation of connective tissue

blackhead or buildup of sebum

injury that does not break the skin, characterized by swelling, pain and discoloration

collection of dried sebum and cell debris

inflammation of the skin

inflammation of the skin caused by touching an irritant
Definition
burn
carbuncle
carcinoma
cellulitis
comedo
contusion
crust
dermatitis
contact dermatitis
Term
inflammation of the skin and connective tissue

abnormal skin condition caused by superficial fungus

abnormal skin conditions

canine autoimmune disease in which the bridge of the nose exhibit depigmentation

abnormal alteration in keratinization
Definition
dermatocellulitis
dermatomycosis
dermatosis
discoid lupus erythematosus
dyskeratosis
Term
purplish non-elevated patch of bleeding into the skin, aka bruise

skin infection with shallow eruptions caused by the pox virus aka sore mouth

general term for inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, crusts and scabies

collective name for autoimmune lesion of eosinphilic ulcer, eosinophilic plaque and linear granuloma found in cats, this complex of diseases affects the skin, mucocutaneous junction and oral mucosa of cats involving raised ulcerated plaques
Definition
ecchymosis
ecthyma
eczema
eosinophilic granuloma
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