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| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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| is a syndrome associated w/ the suppression of the immune system & marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms & neurologic problems. |
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| AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). |
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| HIV destroys helper T cells (aka CD4+ cells, containing the CD4 protein antigens.) This disrupts the cell-mediated immune response allowing infections to occur. |
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| 1 opportunistic infection |
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| Toxoplasmosis is a parasitical infection assoc. with AIDS, that infects the central nervous sys. & causes fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion, hemiparesis, seizures & is contracted by eating uncooked lamb, pork, raw eggs, raw vegetables, and unpasteurized dairy products. |
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| 2nd opportunistic infection |
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| Karposi sarcoma is a malignancies assoc. w/ AIDS, is a cancer of the lining cells of the capillaries. |
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| is also assoc. w/ AIDS, and is marked by severe weight loss, a decrease in muscle mass, strength, appetite, and mental activity. |
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| people who are exposed to HIV, and now have HIV antibodies in their blood are HIV-positive. |
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| Routes of HIV Transmission |
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| The common routes of transmission are receptive oral & anal intercourse, receptive vaginal intercourse for women, sharing of needles & equipment for IV drug users, contaminated blood products, & in utero transmission from mothers to neonates. |
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| there two categories of anti-HIV drugs: Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, that stop the production of the RT enzyme by the virus; and drugs that inhibit the production of protease enzyme by the virus. |
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| because it contains red blood cells. |
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| lymphocyte that aids B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; aka T4 cells or CD4 cells. |
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| antiviral proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells; they also stimulate macrophages to ingest bacteria. |
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| cytotoxic T cell lymphocytes that recognize and destroy foreign cells (viruses and tumor cells). |
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| masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx. |
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| poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants. |
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| enlargement of the spleen |
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| malignant tumor of the thymus gland. |
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| a substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity in the body, a type of antigen. |
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| malignant (cancerous) condition associated with AIDS; arises fro the lining of capillaries, and appears as bluish-red skin nodules. |
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| RNA virus that makes copies of itself by using the host's DNA; this is in reverse (retro) fashion because normally DNA copies itself onto RNA. A retrovirus carries an enzyme called a reverse transcriptase to enables it to reproduce within the host cell. |
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| (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream. |
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| ne of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones. |
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| flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae. |
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| ribs 8 – 10 that are joined with the vertebral column in the back. |
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| a cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue. |
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| found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis. |
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| abnormal condition of marked elevation of calcium blood serum levels above 14 mg/dL. |
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| a condition of abnormally pronounced anterior curvature of lumbar spine. |
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| in relation to the medical treatment of bone and joint diseases. |
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| abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column – most common in adolescent girls. |
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| softening of the bones, caused by vitamin D deficiency or Calcium deficiency. |
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| a surgical chisel designed to cut bone. |
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| inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to bacterial infection. |
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| connective tissue binding bones to other bones, supports & strengthens joints. |
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| connective tissue that binds muscle to bone. |
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| inflammation and swelling of a movable joint because of excess synovial fluid. |
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| inflammation & painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body. |
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| chronic painful inflammation of the joints believed to be caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, especially the synovial membrane. |
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| Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) |
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| compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist (carpal tunnel). |
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| a recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, malaise, neurologic, and cardiac symptoms. |
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| make up the involuntary or visceral muscles that move internal organs: digestive tract, blood vessels, and secretory ducts, is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, arranged in sheets of muscle fiber. |
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| measurement of calcium level in the blood serum. |
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| surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space. |
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| 12 pairs: pairs: 1 - 7 are true ribs, pairs 8 - 10 are the false ribs, and 11 & 12 are the floating ribs. |
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| the five radiating bones in the palm area that connect to the fingers |
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| larger of the two bones in the lower leg |
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| smaller of the two bones in the lower leg |
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| bones of the hind part of the foot |
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| the five bones of the midfoot, analogous to the metacarpals |
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| celss that synthesize collagen, and protein to make bone tissue |
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| process of bone formation |
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| related to A system of medicine based on the theory that disturbances in the musculoskeletal system affect other bodily parts, causing many disorders that can be corrected by various manipulative techniques. |
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| surgical fixation pf the kneecap |
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| inflammation of the joints |
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| A reverse transcriptase inhibitor - anti-viral HIV drug |
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