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| passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream |
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| small building blocks of protiens released when protiens are digested |
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| enzymes secreted by the pancreas to digest starch |
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| terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body |
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| blind pouch hanging form the cecum RLQ. it literally means hanging(pend/o) on to |
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| digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile originally was called gall meaning gall or anger, probably because it has bitter taste. It is composed of bile pigments cholesterol and bile salts |
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| pigment released by the liver |
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| first part of the large intestine |
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| large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum |
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| carries bile fromt he liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus |
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| elimination of feces fromt he digestive tract through the anus |
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| the primary material found in teeth. it is covered by the enamel in the crown and protective layer of cementum in the root |
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| breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms |
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| first part of the small intestine. Duo=2, den=10; the duodenum measures 12 inches logn |
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| acto of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces |
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| physical process fo breaking up karge fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat |
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| har, outermost layer of a tooth |
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| tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso= inward; Phag/o=swollowing |
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| substances produced when fats are digested |
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| small sac under the liver; stores bile. Rememeber gallbladder is one word |
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| starch; glucose is stored int he form of glycogen in liver cells |
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| substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food |
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| third part of the small intestine; from the greek eilos, meaning twisted. when the abdomen was viewed at autopsy, the intestines appeared twisted, and the ileum often was an area of obstruction |
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| hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. it transports sugar fromt he blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver |
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| second part of the small intestine. The latin jejunus means empty; this part of the intestine was always empty when a body was examined after death |
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| pancreatic enzymes necessary to digest fats |
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| a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. the liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood protiens; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. the normal adult liver weighs about 2.5-3 lbs |
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| Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
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| ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach, also called cardiac sphincter |
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| organ under the stomach, produces insulin for transport of sugur into cells. and enzymes for the digestion of foods |
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| salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear |
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| rhythmic contractions fo the tubular organs. int he gastrointestinal tract, peristalsis moves the contentx through a different rates; stomach, .5-2 hours. small intestine 2-6 hours and colon 6-72 hours. Peri- surrounding.- Stalsis- constriction |
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| throat, the common passage way for food from the mouth and for air from the nose |
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| large, vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines |
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| enzyme that digests protien |
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| soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels |
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| ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum, from the greek pylorus, meaning gatekeeper. Its normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it |
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| distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum |
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| last section of the large intestine, connection the end of the colon to the anus |
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| digestive juice produced by salivary glands |
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| parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands |
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| fourth and last, S shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum |
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| circular ring of muscle the constricts a passage or closes a natural opening |
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| muscular organ that receives food fromt eh esophagus. the stomachs parts are the fundus (proximal section), body ( middle section) and antrum (distal section) |
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| fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol |
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| soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate. The latin Uva means bunch of grapes |
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| intestines, usually small intestines |
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| defecation, elimination of wastes |
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| condition of forming a new mouth, where two organs that were separate are surgically put together |
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| lack of appetite, often is a sign of malignancy or liver disease. anorexia nervosa is loss of appetite associated with emotional problems such as anger, anxiety, and irrational fear of weight gain. it is an eating disorder and is discussed, along with similar eating disorders, bulimia nervosa, in chapter 22 |
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| abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. this condition occurs when fluid passes from the bloodstream and collect int he peritoneal cavity, it can be a sign of neoplasm or inflammitory disorders i the abdomen, venous hypertension caused by liver disease, or heart failure. treatment for ascites includes administration of diuretic drugs paracentesis to remove abdominal fluid |
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Definition
| black, tarry stools. feces containing digestive blood. this clinical sign ususally reflects a condition in which blood has had time to be digested and results from bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. a posistive result on stool guaiac testing indicates blood in the stool |
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Definition
| choleithiasis, gallstones in the gallbladder, calculi prevent bile from leaving the gallbadder bile ducts. many patients remain asymptomatic and do not require treatment. however if a patient experiences episodes of biliary colic, treatment may be required. currently, laparoscopic or minmally invasive surgery |
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Definition
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines. Surgery, trauma, or bacterial injury to the peritoneum can lead to paralytic ileus
( acute, transient loss of peristalsis) |
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Definition
| frequent passage of loose watery stools. |
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| abnormal out pouchings in the intestinal wall |
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| swollen, twisted, varicose veins int he rectal region, |
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| viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A virus. it is a benign disorder spread by contaminated food or water and characteriaed by slow onset of symptoms. Complete recovery |
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| caused by the hepatitis B virus, and is transmitte by blood transfusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles or instruments. severe infection can cause destruction of liver cells, cirrhosis, or death |
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| caused by Hep. C virus and is trasmittel by blood transfusions or needle inoculation. Acute illness may progress to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma |
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| protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it |
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| group of gastrointestinal symptoms assocaited with stress and tension |
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| difficulty in passing stools. When peristalsis is slow, stoools are dry and hard. A diet of fruit, vegetables, and water is helpful. |
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Definition
| yellow orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia) |
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