Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Med Term. Ch 5
Digestive System Pages 142-170
112
Medical
Undergraduate 1
09/21/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Absorption
Definition
passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
Term
Amino acids
Definition
small building blocks of protiens released when protiens are digested
Term
Amylase
Definition
enzymes secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
Term
Anus
Definition
terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
Term
Appendix
Definition
blind pouch hanging form the cecum RLQ. it literally means hanging(pend/o) on to
Term
Bile
Definition
digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile originally was called gall meaning gall or anger, probably because it has bitter taste. It is composed of bile pigments cholesterol and bile salts
Term
Bilirubin
Definition
pigment released by the liver
Term
Bowel
Definition
intestine
Term
Cecum
Definition
first part of the large intestine
Term
Colon
Definition
large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum
Term
Common bile duct
Definition
carries bile fromt he liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus
Term
Defecation
Definition
elimination of feces fromt he digestive tract through the anus
Term
Deglutition
Definition
swallowing
Term
Dentin
Definition
the primary material found in teeth. it is covered by the enamel in the crown and protective layer of cementum in the root
Term
Digestion
Definition
breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
Term
Duodenum
Definition
first part of the small intestine. Duo=2, den=10; the duodenum measures 12 inches logn
Term
Elimination
Definition
acto of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces
Term
Emulsification
Definition
physical process fo breaking up karge fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat
Term
Enamel
Definition
har, outermost layer of a tooth
Term
Esophagus
Definition
tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso= inward; Phag/o=swollowing
Term
Fatty acids
Definition
substances produced when fats are digested
Term
Feces
Definition
solid wastes; stool
Term
Gallbladder
Definition
small sac under the liver; stores bile. Rememeber gallbladder is one word
Term
Glucose
Definition
simple sugur
Term
Glycogen
Definition
starch; glucose is stored int he form of glycogen in liver cells
Term
Hydrochloric acid
Definition
substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food
Term
Ileum
Definition
third part of the small intestine; from the greek eilos, meaning twisted. when the abdomen was viewed at autopsy, the intestines appeared twisted, and the ileum often was an area of obstruction
Term
Insulin
Definition
hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. it transports sugar fromt he blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
Term
jejunum
Definition
second part of the small intestine. The latin jejunus means empty; this part of the intestine was always empty when a body was examined after death
Term
Lipase
Definition
pancreatic enzymes necessary to digest fats
Term
Liver
Definition
a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. the liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood protiens; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. the normal adult liver weighs about 2.5-3 lbs
Term
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Definition
ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach, also called cardiac sphincter
Term
Mastication
Definition
chewing
Term
Palate
Definition
roof of mouth.
Term
Pancreas
Definition
organ under the stomach, produces insulin for transport of sugur into cells. and enzymes for the digestion of foods
Term
Parotid gland
Definition
salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
rhythmic contractions fo the tubular organs. int he gastrointestinal tract, peristalsis moves the contentx through a different rates; stomach, .5-2 hours. small intestine 2-6 hours and colon 6-72 hours. Peri- surrounding.- Stalsis- constriction
Term
Pharynx
Definition
throat, the common passage way for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
Term
Portal vien
Definition
large, vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
Term
Protease
Definition
enzyme that digests protien
Term
Pulp
Definition
soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
Term
Pyloric sphincter
Definition
ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum, from the greek pylorus, meaning gatekeeper. Its normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it
Term
Pylorus
Definition
distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
Term
Rectum
Definition
last section of the large intestine, connection the end of the colon to the anus
Term
Saliva
Definition
digestive juice produced by salivary glands
Term
Salivary glands
Definition
parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
Term
Sigmoid colon
Definition
fourth and last, S shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
Term
Sphincter
Definition
circular ring of muscle the constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
Term
Stomach
Definition
muscular organ that receives food fromt eh esophagus. the stomachs parts are the fundus (proximal section), body ( middle section) and antrum (distal section)
Term
Triglycerides
Definition
fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
Term
Uvula
Definition
soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate. The latin Uva means bunch of grapes
Term
An/o
Definition
anus
Term
Append/o
Definition
appendix
Term
Appendic/o
Definition
Appendix
Term
Bucc/o
Definition
cheek
Term
Cec/o
Definition
cecum
Term
Celi/o
Definition
belly, abdomen
Term
Cholecyst/o
Definition
gallbladder
Term
Choledoch/o
Definition
common bile duct
Term
Cholelith/o
Definition
gallstone
Term
Col/o
Definition
colon, large intestine
Term
Colon/o
Definition
colon
Term
Enter/o
Definition
intestines, usually small intestines
Term
Esophag/o
Definition
esophagus
Term
Faci/o
Definition
face
Term
Gastr/o
Definition
stomach
Term
Gingiv/o
Definition
gums
Term
Gloss/o, Lingu/o
Definition
tongue
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
Ile
Definition
ileum
Term
Jejun/o
Definition
Jejunum
Term
Lapar/o
Definition
abdomen
Term
Mandibul/o
Definition
lower jaw, mandible
Term
Odont/o
Definition
tooth
Term
Or/o
Definition
Mouth
Term
Palat/o
Definition
Palate
Term
Pancreat/o
Definition
Pancreas
Term
Peritone/o
Definition
peritoneum
Term
Pharyng/o
Definition
Pharynx(throat)
Term
Proct/o
Definition
anus and rectum
Term
Pylor/o
Definition
Pyloric sphincter
Term
Rect/o
Definition
rectum
Term
Sialaden/o
Definition
Salivary gland
Term
Sigmoid/o
Definition
sigmoid colon
Term
Amyl/o
Definition
starch
Term
Bilirubin/o
Definition
bilirubin (bile pigment)
Term
Chol/e
Definition
gall, bile
Term
Gluc/o, Glyc/o
Definition
sugar
Term
lip/o
Definition
fat, lipid
Term
lith/o
Definition
stone
Term
lip/o
Definition
fat, lipid
Term
Steat/o
Definition
fat
Term
-chezia
Definition
defecation, elimination of wastes
Term
-iasis
Definition
abnormal condition
Term
-prandial
Definition
meal
Term
Anastomosis
Definition
condition of forming a new mouth, where two organs that were separate are surgically put together
Term
Anorexia
Definition
lack of appetite, often is a sign of malignancy or liver disease. anorexia nervosa is loss of appetite associated with emotional problems such as anger, anxiety, and irrational fear of weight gain. it is an eating disorder and is discussed, along with similar eating disorders, bulimia nervosa, in chapter 22
Term
Ascites
Definition
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. this condition occurs when fluid passes from the bloodstream and collect int he peritoneal cavity, it can be a sign of neoplasm or inflammitory disorders i the abdomen, venous hypertension caused by liver disease, or heart failure. treatment for ascites includes administration of diuretic drugs paracentesis to remove abdominal fluid
Term
Melena
Definition
black, tarry stools. feces containing digestive blood. this clinical sign ususally reflects a condition in which blood has had time to be digested and results from bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. a posistive result on stool guaiac testing indicates blood in the stool
Term
Gallstones
Definition
choleithiasis, gallstones in the gallbladder, calculi prevent bile from leaving the gallbadder bile ducts. many patients remain asymptomatic and do not require treatment. however if a patient experiences episodes of biliary colic, treatment may be required. currently, laparoscopic or minmally invasive surgery
Term
Ileus
Definition
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines. Surgery, trauma, or bacterial injury to the peritoneum can lead to paralytic ileus
( acute, transient loss of peristalsis)
Term
Diarrhea
Definition
frequent passage of loose watery stools.
Term
Diverticula
Definition
abnormal out pouchings in the intestinal wall
Term
Hemorrhoids
Definition
swollen, twisted, varicose veins int he rectal region,
Term
Hepatitis A
Definition
viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis A virus. it is a benign disorder spread by contaminated food or water and characteriaed by slow onset of symptoms. Complete recovery
Term
Hepatitis B
Definition
caused by the hepatitis B virus, and is transmitte by blood transfusion, sexual contact, or the use of contaminated needles or instruments. severe infection can cause destruction of liver cells, cirrhosis, or death
Term
Hepatitis C
Definition
caused by Hep. C virus and is trasmittel by blood transfusions or needle inoculation. Acute illness may progress to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Term
Hernia
Definition
protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
Term
Irritable bowel syndrome
Definition
group of gastrointestinal symptoms assocaited with stress and tension
Term
Constipation
Definition
difficulty in passing stools. When peristalsis is slow, stoools are dry and hard. A diet of fruit, vegetables, and water is helpful.
Term
Jaundice
Definition
yellow orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!