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Med Surg Test 2 - Review Cards
Ms. Whitlow's Review
21
Nursing
Not Applicable
02/28/2013

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Cards

Term
What interventions would you perform if your patient was receiving IV Nitroglycerin?
Definition

Nitroglycerin - Vasodilator

Lose fluid, lowers BP, Lowers HR

Monitor the BP and HR before giving drug (making sure level is not low) then again 30 minutes post giving drug.

Term

What interventions would you perform if your patient was receiving furosemide (Lasix)?

Definition

Lasix- Loop diuretic (Wastes potassium)

Monitor Potassium

Check lab values: electrolytes, K+

Check renal function

Term
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
Definition

S/S - Discolored sputum, crackles, DULLNESS when percuss (palpate)- consolidation in the area of the lung

-Egophany, whisper test, pectoriloquy, bronchophony

-Order: a chest xray and sputum if suspicious of pneumonia.

Give: Mucinex (expectorant) - Thins the mucus

Term
What interventions should the nurse perform if the client is experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation?
Definition

Rescue inhaler (Albuterol), Fast acting

Bronchodilator

Check: oxygen saturation level, if below <92, give nasal canula (oxygen supplement)

***Assess respiratory status*** 

Assessment is an invention (assess 1st- can be something blocking airway, choking etc. think about what else can be occurring)

Term
What teaching would you provide a patient who has returned from a Bronchoscopy?
Definition

Bronchoscopy=scope goes into bronchial tubes in lungs

Look for polyps, nodules, growths, infected area

Give a lidocaine spray to mouth and goes down throat to numb it, patient is awake.

Teach: Check "gag reflex" with tongue depressor to see if they're ready/safe to eat. If gag, known that numbness has worn off.

 

Term
What signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor when a patient returns from having a procedure where his/her femoral artery was assessed?
Definition

S/S = BP (low), Vitals (heart rate fast)

Check: color of skin (pale), cap refill (>3 sec to refill), skin temp(cold), sensation, circulation

check site itself - inflammation, irrititation

Can apply pressure if site starts to bleed.

Term
What side effects would you monitor if your patient is receiving a diuretic?
Definition

SE: Lab results (electrolytes, K+)

VS: Blood pressure

Term
What are the expected results if your client is prescribed to a beta-blocker?
Definition

"-lol" = "little old lady" ; given by mouth or IV

Beta- blocker = treats BP

Expected results: decreased BP, Heart rate

*Know patients normal BP before giving medication

Term
What interventions should the nurse take when caring for a patient who has an acute MI?
Definition

**MONA**

Give an aspirin, nitroglycerine (vasodilates), morphine (pain), oxygen

Diagnostic test:EKG (compare to past EKG)

Education for hx of acute MI:

Aspirin, Nitroglycerine (3 in a row,every 5-10min?)

Can be angina, want to teach patient what to look for

Term
What are the onset and peak times of Regular and NPH insulin?
Definition

Regular- Onset/15-30 min Peak/2-4 hrs

NPH- Onset/1-2 hrs, Peak/8 hrs

EX/ Pt is given reg insulin at 10:00am, what time would patient see sugar drop? Answer- Between 12 and 2pm

Term
What are S/S of sleep apnea?
Definition

Fatigue (all day exhausted), LOUD snoring

*Due to decreased oxygen to the brain

Term

When giving a hypertensive med to a patient, when would you hold the drug?

 

Definition

BP: <100 systolic <60 diastolic (unless this is normal BP)

<60 diastolic would question giving metopolol

*Check both arms for BP to ensure there is no error

Term
What are the diagnostic tests related to heart failure?
Definition

Kidney functions, ECHO cardiogram, ultrasound of heart

chest x-ray (check for fluid in lungs), BNP (tells if pt is in fluid overload)

Term
What would you teach your client who was prescribed a corticosteroid?
Definition

Long acting, control inhaler

Teach patient to take 2x a day as prescribed (controls breathing) - better than taking oral corticosteroids

It will not help if cant breathe, need rescue inhaler (dont want patient to use often)

Can get thrush (rinse mouth)

Term
What are the signs and symptoms of L sided heart failure and R sided heart failure?
Definition

Left sided = S4, Left leads to Right side

Right sided = S3, JVD, edema

Term
Why should a patient take an anticoagulant after a prosthetic heart valve?
Definition

Anticoagulant - prevents clot formation

Pt needs to take it every day for life, otherwise could have a stroke

 

Term
When performing a neurological assessment, what would you expect to find if your client is hypoxic?
Definition

Confused, irritable, anxious

 

** fighting for air**

Term
What diet restrictions would you teach your client who is diagnosed with hypertension?
Definition
Low sodium diet, avoiding frozen dinners, canned food
Term
When drawing up glargine, NPH, and Regular: What would you teach your patient regarding the proper way to draw up the medication?
Definition

*Give SQ, "RN"

Can mix regular NPH and Regular

**Draw up reg to 5units, then 10 units of NPH=15 total units

Glargine (cant be mixed!)-need a separate syringe to give

Pt will give himself/herself two pricks. If see patient combining all three meds - need to educate.

 

Term
What complications can a patient develop who is non-adherent to their diabetic regimen?
Definition

3 Ps = Polyurea, polydysea, polyphagia

hyper/hypo glycema, mental status altered, renal problems, ulcers at feet

Can result in amputation if non-adherent

**Vision blurred= Retinopathy**

**Peripheral neuropathy= Fingers, toes**

Term
What are abnormal readings you may see on a client's EKG?
Definition

MI=  Q Wave - heart attack

ST elevation- emergent treatment of MI, Need to put in stent within 15 min

Triponin levels - see if there's an upward trent over 12 hrs

CKMB levels- measure muscle breakdown levels. Want level to be low.

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