Term
| What are the most common causes of Mild Hemoptysis? Massive Hemoptysis? |
|
Definition
Mild Hemoptysis - Bronchitis, bronchogenic carcinoma, PE, CA, Infarcted Lung
Massive Hemoptysis - TB and bronchoectasis |
|
|
Term
| What are the four main types of primary neoplasms? |
|
Definition
squamous or epidermoid carcinoma
small cell (also called oat cell) carcinoma adenocarcinoma (including bronchioloalveolar)
large cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common form of lung cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lung cancer presents as central masses or endobronchial growth? |
|
Definition
| squamous/small cell cancers |
|
|
Term
| Which type of lung cancer presents as peripheral nodules or masses? |
|
Definition
| Adenocarcinoma and large cell |
|
|
Term
| Which type of lung cancer presents as subtype of adenocarcinoma grows along alveoli, w/out invasion? |
|
Definition
| Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) |
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 risk factor for lung cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is characterized by symptoms including cough, hemoptysis, wheeze, stridor, dyspnea, postobstructive pneumonitis(fever/cough), and chest wall pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves are involved with a pancoast tumor? |
|
Definition
| involvement of the 8th cervical and 1st or 2nd thoracic nerves |
|
|
Term
| What complication of pancoast tumors causes pericardial and cardiac extension with resultant tamponade, arrhythmia, or cardiac failure? |
|
Definition
| Superior Vena Cava syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Which type of CA most commonly becomes extrathoracic metastatic disease? |
|
Definition
Small Cell Cancer >95%
Adenocarcinoma & Large Cell Carcinoma > 80%
Squamous Cell Carcinoma > 50% |
|
|
Term
| How is lung CA diagnosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two stages of small cell lung CA? What stage are the majority of the pts in? |
|
Definition
Limited-stage disease -seen in one hemithorax and regional nodes
Extensive-stage disease (majority) seen outside above parameters |
|
|
Term
| In which type of lung CA pts is thoracic surgery contraindicated? |
|
Definition
| patients with a recent history of MI within the last 3 months |
|
|
Term
| What type of therapy for lung cancer is described as local radiotherapy delivered by placing radioactive “seeds” in a catheter in the tumor bed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stages of CA is surgery used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common SE for chemo and rad? What can you give to relieve this SE? |
|
Definition
N/V
An anti-emetic - Zofran |
|
|
Term
| What two drugs are common chemotherapy drugs? |
|
Definition
| Cisplatin and Carboplatin |
|
|
Term
| How does Small Cell lung cancer respond to chemotherapy? |
|
Definition
| Usually chemosensitive and has a median survival rate w/chemo of approx 18 mo |
|
|
Term
| What are most benign lung neoplasms? What is the primary treatment for these? |
|
Definition
bronchial adenomas and hamartomas(90% of the total)
Surgery is the primary treatment |
|
|
Term
| Where are most bronchial adenomas located? What is their rate of growth? |
|
Definition
central, endobronchial lesions
Slow-growing |
|
|
Term
| What are the major risk factors when working up bronchial adenomas? |
|
Definition
| They are hypervascular and they bleed profusely |
|
|
Term
| How do carcinoids react to chemo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can carcinoids secrete? What can this cause? |
|
Definition
| Carcinoids secrete hormones that can cause paraneoplastic syndrome (resolve upon resection) |
|
|
Term
| Is it usual for atypical carcinoids to metastasize? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of carcinoid has the worst prognosis for 5 year survival? |
|
Definition
| large cell neuroendocrine cancer |
|
|
Term
| Which type of neoplasm has characteristic "popcorn calcifications" on CXR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What other conditions can be caused by pancoast tumors? |
|
Definition
| rib destruction and Horner's Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What is a major symptom of Eaton-Lambert neurological syndrome associated with CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some common conditions associated with paraneoplastic syndrome caused by CA? |
|
Definition
Hypercalcemia-PTH, bone mets
Hyponatremia-SIADH
Cushing’s syndrome-ACTH, SCCa |
|
|
Term
| What are some remote effects of lung cancer on the hematologic system? |
|
Definition
Migratory thrombophlebitis
DIC |
|
|
Term
| What are some remote effects of lung cancer on the skin? |
|
Definition
Dermatomyositis
Acanthosis nigricans |
|
|
Term
| What are some remote effects of lung cancer on the kidneys? |
|
Definition
Nephrotic syndrome
Glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| What are the current screening tests for lung cancer? |
|
Definition
| There are no current screening tests |
|
|
Term
| What are PET scans used for? |
|
Definition
Solitary pulmonary nodules
Screening for metastases and recurrence |
|
|
Term
| What are the main contraindications of resection and operability? |
|
Definition
Extrathoracic metastases
Bilateral disease
Cardiac tamponade
Involvement of main pulmonary artery
SVC syndrome |
|
|
Term
Describe the different types of stages of metastasis?
MX
M0
M1 |
|
Definition
MX - Distant metastases cannot be assessed
M0 - No distant metastases
M1 - Distant metastasis present |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Malignant Pleural Effusions caused by lung cancer? |
|
Definition
| Chest tube drainage or VATS with pleurodesis if recurrent |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Endobronchial obstruction caused by lung cancer? |
|
Definition
Laser photoresection
Brachytherapy
Stents |
|
|
Term
| Which is superior lobectomy or wedge resection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are most benign lesions characterized by generally? |
|
Definition
Dense central calcification
Multiple punctate calcifications |
|
|
