Term
| What condition is described as an inflammatory disease that is chronic and multi-system disorder that causes noncaseating epithelioid granulomas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pulmonary symptoms and signs are caused by sarcoidosis? |
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Definition
| dyspnea, dry cough, progressive fibrosis and noncaseating granulomas in the lungs. |
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Term
| Which lymphnodes are generally affected by sarcoidosis? |
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Definition
| hilar, paratracheal, cervical and axillary |
|
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Term
| What skin conditions may be caused by sarcoidosis? |
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Definition
| Erythema Nodosum (tender red nodules on shin), Lupus Pernio (plaques on nose, cheeks, lips and ears) |
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Term
| What is the HALLMARK of Sarcoidosis? |
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Definition
| noncaseating epithelioid granulomas |
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Term
| Which syndrome is characterized by Hilar adenopathy, Erythema nodosum, uveitis, fever, and arthritis? What is the prognosis? |
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Definition
| A form of sarcoidosis called Lofgren's Syndrome; good prognosis (90% of cases are resolved) |
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Term
| What occurs in the lung in each Stage of Sarcoidosis? |
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Definition
Stage 1 = hilar adenopathy
Stage 2 = adenopathy + infiltrates
Stage 3 = infiltrates
Stage 4 = fibrosis |
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Term
| Where are the infiltrates in sarcoidosis normally found? What is the most sensitive test for sarcoidosis that detects interstitial lung disease? How does sarcoidosis affect the lung volume? |
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Definition
Infiltrates are usually in the upper lobes
DLCO is most sensitive test for interstitual lung disease
Reduces lung volumes/Restrictive dx |
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Term
| What eye conditions can be caused by sarcoidosis? |
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Definition
| Uveitis (Punched-out choroidoretinal lesions), Blurred vision, photophobia, tearing, blindness that spontaneously resolves, conjunctival lesions, |
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Term
| What effects can sarcoidosis have on the liver and spleen? |
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Definition
Liver: Elevated LFT, On Contrast CT - hypolucency areas
Spleen: LUQ pain, thrombocytopenia |
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Term
| How does sarcoidosis affect the musculoskeletal system? |
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Definition
Myopathy, weakness, Arthritis (ankle, knee, wrist and elbow are most commonly affected)
Bones have osteolytic or cystic lesions and osteopenia may be present |
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Term
| How does sarcoidosis affect the neurological system? |
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Definition
7th CN - Facial Nerve
8th CN - Hearing Loss
Optic and peripheral neuropathy common
Thermoregulatory changes or libido changes |
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Term
| How does sarcoidosis affect the renal system? |
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Definition
hypercalciuria is most common
interstitial nephritis
CRF may develop as a result of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis |
|
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Term
| How does sarcoidosis affect the heart? |
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Definition
Heart blocks and arrhythmias are common
Heart failure may occur due to restrictive cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| What syndrome is characterized by facial palsy, chronic fever, uveitis, and bilateral parotid swelling? |
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Definition
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Term
| What oral conditions may be caused by sarcoidosis? |
|
Definition
Asymptomatic parotid swelling = most common
Parotitis with xerostomia |
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|
Term
| What hematologic conditions may be caused by sarcoidosis? |
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Definition
| lymphopenia, anemia(chronic), pancytopenia, leukopenia |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is elevated in Sarcoidosis? |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme |
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|
Term
| What is usually necessary to perform to confirm sarcoidosis diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for active inflammation with sarcoidosis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the treatment for active sarcoidosis? Mildly active sarcoidosis? |
|
Definition
Active - Methotrexate
Mildly Active - Hydroxychloroquine |
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Term
| What types of occupations have a high risk of asbestosis development? |
|
Definition
Mining
Milling
Pipe-Fitters
Boilermakers
Electrician
Ship-yard Worker
Demilition |
|
|
Term
| What amount of exposure is needed to develop asbestosis? |
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Definition
| moderate to severe exposure for over ten years |
|
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Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of asbestosis? |
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Definition
| Progressive Dyspnea, non-productive cough, fatigue, crackles, rales, clubbing, restrictive PFTs, Decreased DLCO, Decreased O2 stats, Respiratory Failure |
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|
Term
| What CXR findings are characteristic with asbestosis? |
|
Definition
Irregular, reticular nodular, linear opacities starting in the lower lung
Indistinct heart border |
|
|
Term
| What CXR findings are indicative of past exposure of asbestosis? |
|
Definition
| Irregular thickening or calcification of parietal pleura, pleural plaques |
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|
Term
| What findings may occur on CT in severe asbestosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only pleural malignancy occurring with asbestosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common neoplasms caused by asbestosis? |
|
Definition
| Squamous Cell and Adenocarcinoma most common |
|
|
Term
| What are the major complications of asbestosis? |
|
Definition
| RV failure, cancer, resp failure |
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Term
| What condition has signs and symptoms including chest pain, hoarseness (chronic > 6 wks), SOB, dyspnea, dysphagia, Horner’s syndrome, brachial plexopathy, and ascites? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What findings on CXR are consistent with mesothelioma? |
|
Definition
Diffuse unilateral or bilateral pleural thickening
Blunting CP angles
Pleural Effusions (Usually unilateral and hemorrhagic) |
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis with mesothelioma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for developing silicosis? |
|
Definition
Mining
Stone Cutting
Cement
Foundry
Glass Making
Making Abrasive Soaps
Stone Quarrying (granite)
Sandblasting |
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|
Term
| With a silicosis dx what bacterial diseases are you at a greater risk for developing? |
|
Definition
| TB and atypical mycobacterial disease |
|
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Term
| What is the oldest known occupational disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What condition has a characteristic "onion skin" nodule? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What condition has clinical signs and symptoms including dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, chronic bronchitis, and ARDS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of characteristic findings are found with chronic silicosis? |
|
Definition
| "eggshell" calcifications |
|
|
Term
| In what lobes does silicosis predominate? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What condition has characteristic diffuse, small, rounded opacities or nodules? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the causative agent of CWP? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What condition is characterized by signs and symptoms including rapid onset, severe dyspnea, diffuse infiltrates, hypoxemia, respiratory failure and complete white-out on CXR? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the most common conditions associated with ARDS? |
|
Definition
Cause 40 - 50% of all cases - Pneumonia, Sepsis
Also common causes - Aspiration, Pulmonary Contusion, Severe trauma, Drug Overdose |
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|
Term
| What phase of ARDS is described as the exudative phase where leukocytes migrate to interstitium and alveoli and vessels are obliterated (aka "Wet Lung")? What days does this include? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which stage of ARDS has symptoms including atelectasis, reduced compliance, hypoxemia, tachypnea, muscle fatigue, and respiratory failure? |
|
Definition
| Exudative Phase; Day 1- 7 |
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|
Term
| How do you diagnose ARDS? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which phase consists of either improvement, weaning from the ventilator or progressive injury, interstitial inflammation and early fibrosis? What days does this phase encompass? |
|
Definition
| Proliferative Phase; Days 7 - 21 |
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Term
| What stage of ARDS may require long term ventillation and may cause extensive fibrosis as well as emphysematous changes, vascular occlusion and pulmonary HTN? What days does this phase encompass? |
|
Definition
| Fibrotic Phase; > 21 Days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Recognize and treat underlying cause ASAP
Mechanical ventilation (keeps pts from tiring themselves out)
DO NOT overhydrate
Corticosteroids after first 7 days if no improvement |
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|
Term
| In what age-group is foreign body aspiration most common? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What condition is characterized by symptoms including stridor (most common), wheezing, non productive cough, decreased breath sounds, dyspnea, and cynanosis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| On which chromosome is the cystic fibrosis mutation? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What disease is characterized by ↑ Na absorption and ↓ CL secretion → thick, sticky mucus→ impaired lung defense against infection? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What types of infections are cystic fibrosis patients susceptible to? |
|
Definition
| Chronic Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection |
|
|
Term
| What condition is characterized by symptoms including cough, vicious mucus, chronic sinusitis, and nasal polyps? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of PFTs are seen with Cystic Fibrosis, obstructive or restrictive? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| On the CXR of a cystic fibrosis pt, what is seen? |
|
Definition
| hyperinflation, bronchiectasis |
|
|
Term
| What are some consequences of Cystic Fibrosis effects on the pancreas? |
|
Definition
Protein and Fat malabsorption
Frequent bulky, foul smelling stool
Vitamin E and K deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What is the classic test for Cystic Fibrosis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What condition is described as lung tissue that becomes thick, stiff or scarred? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What condition has symptoms including shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, fatigue, non productive cough, peripheral edema, and hemoptysis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common cause of pulmonary HTN? |
|
Definition
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