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Med-Surg Nursing Chapter 69
Care of Patients with Urinary Problems
39
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
12/10/2013

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Term
Factors Contributing to Urinary Tract Infections
Definition
Obstruction, stones, vesicoureteral reflux, diabetes mellitus, urine characteristics, gender, age, sexual activity, and recent use of antibiotics.
Term
Acute Infections in the Urinary Tract
Definition
Urethritis(urethra), Cystitis(bladder), Prostatitis(prostate), and Pyelonephritis(kidneys)
Term
Cystitis
Definition
Inflammation of the bladder
Term
Infectious Cystitis
Definition
Caused by infection from bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Most commonly caused by organisms from the intestinal tract, such as E-Coli.
Term
Noninfectious Cystitis
Definition
Caused by irritation from chemicals or radiation. Most commonly caused by drugs.
Term
Interstitial Cystitis
Definition
Inflammatory disease that has no known cause. Rare chronic inflammation of the bladder, urethra, and adjacent pelvic muscles.
Term
Bacteriuria
Definition
Presence of bacteria in the urine
Term
Urosepsis
Definition
Spread of infection from the urinary tract to the bloodstream.
Term
Frequency
Definition
An urge to urinate frequently
Term
Dysuria
Definition
Pain or burning with urination
Term
Urgency
Definition
Feeling that urination will occur immediately
Term
Urinary Tract Infection Key Features
Definition
Common - Frequency, urgency, dysuria, hesitancy, low back pain, nocturia, incontinence, hematuria, nocturia, pyuria, bacteriuria, retention, suprapubic tenderness, feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
Rare - Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, malaise, flank pain
Older Adult - Confusion, unexplained falls, sudden incontinence, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, nocturia, loss of appetite, dysuria.
Term
Pyuria
Definition
White blood cells in the urine
Term
Hematuria
Definition
Red blood cells in the urine
Term
Trabeculation
Definition
An abnormal thickening of the bladder wall caused by urinary retention and obstruction
Term
Urethritis
Definition
Inflammation of the urethra that causes symptoms similar to a UTI
Term
Overflow incontinence
Definition
Involuntary loss of urine when the bladder is overdistended
Term
Urethroplasty
Definition
Surgical removal of the affected area with or without grafting
Term
Continence
Definition
Control over the time and place of urination
Term
Incontinence
Definition
Involuntary loss of urine severe enough to cause social or hygienic problems
Term
Stress incontinence
Definition
Loss of small amounts of urine during coughing, sneezing, jogging, or lifting.
Term
Urge incontinence
Definition
Perception of an urgent need to urinate as a result of bladder contractions regardless of the volume of urine in the bladder
Term
Mixed incontinence
Definition
Presence of more than one type of incontinence
Term
Functional incontinence
Definition
Occurs as a result of factors other than the abnormal function of the bladder and urethra.
Term
Cystocele
Definition
Prolapse or herniation of the bladder into the vagina
Term
Urolithiasis
Definition
Presence of calculi in the urinary tract
Term
Nephrolithiasis
Definition
Formation of stones in the kidney
Term
Ureterolithiasis
Definition
Formation of stones in the ureter
Term
Hydroureter
Definition
Enlargement of the ureter
Term
Hematuria
Definition
Blood in the urine
Term
Hydronephrosis
Definition
Enlargement of the kidney caused by blockage of urine and filling of the kidney
Term
Renal Colic
Definition
Severe flank pain
Term
Oliguria
Definition
Scant urine output
Term
Anuria
Definition
Absence of urine output
Term
Lithotripsy
Definition
A.k.a. extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Use of sound, laser, or dry shock waves to break the stone into smaller fragments.
Term
Stent
Definition
Small tube that is placed in the ureter by ureteroscopy
Term
Intravesical
Definition
Inside the bladder
Term
Radical Cystectomy
Definition
Removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue
Term
Urothelium
Definition
Lining of transitional cells in the kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
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