Term
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Definition
| Excessive thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid gland. Can be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause. |
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Term
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Definition
| Manifestations of hyperthyroidism, regardless of the origin of the thyroid hormones. |
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Term
| Hyperthyroidism Manifestations |
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Definition
Increased basal metabolic rate
Increased sympathetic nervous system activity
Increased heart rate
Increased stroke volume
Diaphoresis
SOB
Palpations, chest pain
Weight loss
Muscle weakness/wasting
Blurred vision
Restlessness, Irritability
Amenorrhea
Goiter
Exophthalmos
Increased libido
Decreased fertility
(Figure 66-1, pg 1394) |
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Term
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Definition
| Buildup of protein. Increased in hyperthyroidism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of protein. Increased and exceeds buildup in hyperthyroidism. |
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Term
| Negative nitrogen balance |
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Definition
| Net loss of body protein, caused by higher rate of degradation vs synthesis in hyperthyroidism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevated blood glucose levels, caused by decreased glucose tolerance in hyperthyroidism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autoimmune disorder in which antibodies (thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins) are made and attach to TSH receptors on thyroid tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement of the thyroid gland |
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Term
| Manifestations of Graves' Disease |
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Definition
Goiter
Exophthalamos
Pretibial Myxedema |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal protrusion of the eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry, waxy swelling of the front surfaces of the lower legs |
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Term
| Toxic multinodular goiter |
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Definition
| Multiple thyroid nodules that can cause hyperthyroidism |
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Term
| Exogenous hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| Hyperthyroidism caused by excessive use of thyroid replacement hormones |
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Term
| Graves' Disease Incidence |
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Definition
| Is most often diagnosed in women (10 times more often then men) between ages 20-40 |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased sweating, caused by heat intolerance in hyperthyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensitivity to light, due to ocular edema in hyperthyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| Turbulence from increased blood flow, may be heard in the neck with hyperthyroidism. Usually present with goiter. |
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Term
| Hyperthyroidism laboratory profile |
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Definition
Increased Serum T3
Increased Serum T4
Increased Free T4 index
Increased T3 resin uptake
Little or not TSH response in TRH stimulation test.
Fails to suppress RAIU or T4 levels in thyroid suppression test
High titer of antithyroglobin antibodies
High titers indicate Graves' Disease in thyrotropin receptor antibodies test
Low TSH levels in Graves' disease
High TSH levels in secondary or tertiary hyperthyroidism |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism laboratory profile |
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Definition
Decreased Serum T3 levels
Decreased Serum T4 levels
Decreased Free T4 index
Decreased T3 resin uptake
Delayed TSH response in secondary hypothyroidism in TRH stimulation test
Elevated TSH response in primary hyperthyroidism
No change in RAIU or T4 levels in thyroid suppression test
No response in primary hyperthyroidism of TSH stimulation test
Normal response in secondary hyperthyroidism of TSH stimulation test
Increased titers of thyroid antibodies
High TSH in primary disease
Low TSH in secondary disease |
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Term
| Normal Thyroid Laboratory Profile |
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Definition
Serum T3 = 70-205 ng/dL
Serum T4 = 4-12 mcg/dL
Free T4 index = 0.8-2.4 ng/dL
T3 resin uptake = 24%-34%
TSH stimulation test = >10% or >1.5 mcg/dL
Thyroid antibodies = Titer <1:100
TSH = 0.3-5.0 uU/mL or 0.3-5.0 SI units |
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Term
| Thyroid storm, or thyroid crisis |
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Definition
| Life-threatening event that occurs with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, characterized by high fever and severe hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of all of the thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of part of the thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
| Near normal thyroid function, patient is treated with drugs to achieve this prior to surgery |
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Term
| Drug therapy for mild to moderate hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
Propylthioracil
Methimazole
Lithium Carbonate |
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Term
| Drug therapy for severe hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis |
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Definition
Iodine and iodine-containing agents
-Lugol's solution
-Saturated solution of potassium iodide |
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Term
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Definition
| Low serum calcium levels, that can be caused by parathyroid gland injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyper excitability of nerves and muscles, that can be caused by parathyroid gland injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Insufficient thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid gland. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rare serious complication of untreated hypothyroidism. Decreased metabolism causes the heart muscle to become flabby, and chamber size to increase. Extremely high mortality rate. |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism Manifestations |
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Definition
Cool, pale skin
Brittle nails and hair
Hypoventilation
Dyspnea
Bradycardia
Dysrhythmias
Enlarged heart
Decreased basal metabolic rate
Muscle aches and pains
Slowing intellectual function
Depression
Anorexia
Weight gain
Anovulation
Decreased libido
Periorbital edema
Facial puffiness
Goiter
Weakness, fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs most often in women (7-10 times more often than men) between 30-60 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
Decrease thyroid tissue
Decreased synthesis of thyroid hormone
Inadequate production of TSH |
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Term
| Myxedema coma emergency care |
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Definition
Maintain airway
Replace fluids
Give levothyroxine
Give IV glucose
Give corticosteroids
Check temp hourly
Monitory BP hourly
Warm the patient
Monitor mental status
Turn every 2 hours
Institute aspiration precautions |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the thyroid gland. Three types; acute, subacute, and chronic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic thyroiditis. Affects women more often them men, in the 30s to 50s |
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Term
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Definition
| Four types; papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. Manifests as nodule on the thyroid gland. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Harsh, high pitched respiratory sounds, caused by anaplastic carcinoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common. Slow growing tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common in older patients. Invades blood vessels and spreads to bone and lung tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common in patients older than 50. Often occurs as part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type II. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid growing, aggressive tumor that invades nearby structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enough of something to destroy tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive PTH production causes excessive amounts of calcium and inadequate amounts of phosphate. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inadequate phosphate levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone production, decreased in hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| Done destruction, increased in hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| Kidney stones, caused by high levels of PTH |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue overgrowth, can cause hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| Rare endocrine disorder in which parathyroid function is decreased. Caused either by a lack of PTH or decreased effectiveness of PTH on tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased calcium levels, caused by hypoparathyroidism |
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Term
| Iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
| Caused by the removal of all parathyroid tissue. Most common |
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Term
| Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism |
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Definition
| Can occur spontaneously. Is suspected to be an autoimmune problem |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased serum magnesium levels, can cause hypoparathyroidism |
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