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Med Surg: Neurology Test #2
Winter Semester - 2011
179
Medical
Graduate
02/02/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the differences between delirium and dementia?
Definition
Delerium = acute onset, appear sleepy (LOC impaired),
Dementia = Chronic, worsening overtime, LOC unimpaired but pt is confused
Term
Which type of aphasia is receptive?
Definition
WERNICKE'S
Term
Which type of aphasia is caused by a frontal lobe lesion?
Definition
Wernicke's
Term
Which type of aphasia is described as expressive?
Definition
Broca's
Term
Which type of aphasia is caused by a post/temporal lobe lesion?
Definition
Broca's
Term
If a pt presents who can't repeat what's heard, has fluent but unintelligible speech and is unaware of their deficit, what condition do you suspect?
Definition
Wernicke's
Term
If a pt presents who understands what is said, but speaks few words and has multiple pauses in speech, and they are aware of their deficit, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Broca's
Term
If a pt cannot redraw the clock face or intersecting shapes on their MMSE, what lobe is affected?
Definition
Parietal Lobe
Term
What is the treatment for delirium caused by alcohol withdrawl?
Definition
benzo/diazepam
Term
What med should be used to treat delirium tremens?
Definition
Diazepam
Term
What endocrine conditions can cause delirium?
Definition
Hyper/Hypothyroidism
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Term
If a pt presents with acute delirium, paresthesia and has a + Chvostek's and Trousseu's sign, what do you suspect? How do you treat this condition?
Definition
Hypocalcemia; Treat using IV Ca Gluconate (monitor for seizures)
Term
If a pt presents with delirium, HA/N/V and signs of dehydration, what condition do you suspect? How do you treat it?
Definition
Hyponatremia; Treat with IV hypertonic saline
Term
If a pt presents with delirium, has fruity breath and a history of diabetes type 1, what condition should you suspect? How is it treated?
Definition
DKA; Insulin/K/IVF
Term
If pt presents with acute delirium, signs of dehydration, and a history of Type 2 diabetes, what condition should you suspect? How is it treated
Definition
HONK - Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Non-Ketotic Coma; Treated with IVF & Insulin
Term
If a pt presents with acute delirium, is tachycardiac and profusely sweating, and has a history of diabetes and is on insulin, what condition should you suspect? How is it treated?
Definition
Hypoglycemia; Treated with IV Dextrose
Term
If a pt presents with acute delirium and opthalmoplegia (weakness or paralysis of eye muscles), nystagmus and ataxia, what condition should you suspect? How is it treated?
Definition
Wernicke's Encephalopathy; Give thiamine then glucose bolus
Term
What nutritional deficiency can cause acute delirium and mild confusion that can lead to dementia or psychosis if left untreated? In what populations of pts is this deficiency MC?
Definition
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Common in pts with abnormal GI absorption - Crohn's disease, pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, Gastric Bypass surgery, Celiac Disease
Alcoholics and Vegetarians may also be deficient
Term
If a pt presents with acute delirium, asterixis (intermittent lapse of assumed posture or position), seizures, and coagulation d/o, what condition do you suspect? How do you treat it?
Definition
Hepatic Encephalopathy (accumulation of ammonia due to LF)
Treated with lactulose and fix coagulopathy
Term
If a pt presents with acute delirium who is on dialysis, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Uremia
Term
If a pt presents with photphobia, fever, papilledema, N/V, changes in mental status, toxic appearance and stiff neck, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Meningitis
Term
What is the symptom triad for meningitis?
Definition
Fever, Nuchal Rigidity and Mental Status changes
Term
Which physical diagnosis tests are used to aid in the diagnosis of Meningitis?
Definition
Kernig's and Brudzinski's
Term
What is the MC cause of Meningitis?
Definition
Viral - enterovirus
Term
What will a CSF sample show if bacterial meningitis is present?
Definition
cloudy
Increased protein
Decreased glucose
High WBCs
Term
What will a CSF sample show if viral meningitis is present?
Definition
Low WBCs with Lymphocytes
Glucose/Protein NL
Term
What is the treatment for meningitis?
Definition
Antibiotics STAT if bacterial
ABCs
Fluid
Tylenol (to tx fever)
Acyclovir if viral
Term
If a pt presents with a change in mental status/personality, hemiparesis, seizing, autonomic dysfunction, ataxia and dysphagia, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Encephalitis
Term
What is the MC cause of encephalitis?
Definition
Viral
Term
What is the MC fatal cause of Encephalitis?
Definition
HSV/VZV
Term
What is the treatment for primary Encephalitis?
Definition
Acyclovir
ABCs
Nutrition
Diuresis (Mannitol)
Treat Hyperpyrexia (Tylenol etc)
Term
What is the difference between primary and secondary encephalitis?
Definition
Primary = directly invades the brain
Secondary = an infection spreads to the CSF from another part of the body
Term
Which species causes cerebral malaria?
Definition
Plasmodium species
Term
If a pt presents with seizures, neuro deficits, increased CSF pressure, increased protein, and increased monocytes and organisms are seen on blood smear, what condition should be suspected?
Definition
Cerebral Malaria - caused by Plasmodium species
Term
What is the treatment of cerebral malaria based on?
Definition
based on geography (where the infection was picked up)
Term
Which grade of concussion is described as no LOC, and confusion lasting less than 15 min?
Definition
Grade 1
Term
Which grade of concussion is described as no LOC and confusion lasting for 15 min or longer?
Definition
Grade 2
Term
Which grade of concussion is described as a LOC followed by confusion?
Definition
Grade 3
Term
What is the MC cause of dementia?
Definition
AD
Term
What is the major symptom of AD?
Definition
Gradual forgetfullness
Term
If a pt presents with complaints of forgetting where they parked etc, they are disoriented to time and their spouse has noticed changes in their behavior, with all of this worsening gradually, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
AD
Term
What stage of AD has symptoms including abnormalities in short term memory, hesitant speech, apraxia, and shuffling?
Definition
First or Early AD
Term
Which stage of AD is described as having symptoms including paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, primitive reflexes, and mute/bedbound?
Definition
Later AD (Moderate)
Term
What stage of AD is described as having symptoms including social skills lost, psych problems, seizures, rigid/bradykinesias, grasp/suck reflexes, myoclonus, UI, spasticity, hemiparesis and death?
Definition
Late AD
Term
What will you see on MRI with AD?
Definition
enlarged ventricles, cerebral atrophy and widened sulci
Term
What will you see on PET with AD?
Definition
diminished temporal lobe activity
Term
What is the treatment for Mild/Moderate AD?
Definition
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Donezepil, rivastigmine, galantamine
Term
What is the treatment for severe AD?
Definition
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors AND ADDING MEMANTINE (Glutomate r. agonist)
Term
What are some Alternate therapies for AD?
Definition
Vitamin E
Antioxidants
Gingko Biloba
Term
Where are the inclusions in Lewy Bodies?
Definition
In cortex and brainstem
Term
If a pt presents with gradual memory loss, gait and balance disorders (Parkinsonian features), hallucinations, delusions and episodic delirium, what condition do you suspect?
Definition
Lewy Bodied Dementia
Term
What drugs should be avoided with pts who have Lewy Body Dementia?
Definition
AVOID Antipsychotics
Term
What is the triad of changes in the brain that occur with AD?
Definition
Tangles, Cortical Atrophy and amyloid plaques
Term
What are the characteristic brain changes associated with Lewy body dementia?
Definition
Diffuse cortical neuronal involvement w/Lewy Body Inclusions
Term
If a pt presents with mild memory loss, slowed thinking, walking/balance problems, dysarthria and dysphagia, with emotional lability (depression, irritability, or apathy) that seem to be progressing step-wise, what is your diagnosis?
Definition
Vascular Infarct
Term
What are the risk factors for vascular dementia?
Definition
HTN, Heart Dz, Smoking, Alcoholism, hyperlipidemia
Term
How is vascular dementia treated?
Definition
CCB
Anti-Platelet Meds
Exercise
Good Diet
Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Glutamate Receptor Agonists (Memantine)
Term
What is seen on MRI with Vascular Dementia?
Definition
Subcortical Lucencies known as Lacunar infarcts
Term
Which type of movement disorder is described as rhythmic oscillatory movement accentuated with voluntary motor activity?
Definition
Tremors
Term
When is an intentional tremor present?
Definition
during movement, but not at rest
Term
When is a resting tremor present?
Definition
occurs when limb is at rest
Term
What type of movement disorder is described as rapid, irregular muscle jerks that occur involuntarily and unpredictably?
Definition
Chorea
Term
Which type of movement disorder is described as abnormal movements that are slow, sinuous and writhing in character?
Definition
Athetosis
Term
What type of movement disorder is described as sustained muscle contraction, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures?
Definition
Dystonia
Term
What are the movements characteristic of focal dystonia?
Definition
torticollis, blepharospasm, writer's cramp
Term
Which type of mvement disorder is described as SUDDEN onset of sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures?
Definition
Acute Dystonia
Term
What condition is chorea commonly associated with?
Definition
Huntington's Dz
Term
What condition is Acute dystonia commonly associated with?
Definition
Commonly presents early in the tx for schizophrenia
Term
What is the treatment for acute dystonia?
Definition
D/C offending med
Anticholinergic Drug
Diphenhydramine
ADMIT to ICU
Term
What movement disorder is described as difficulty or slowness in performing voluntary movements?
Definition
Tardive Dyskinesia
Term
Which movement disorder is described as sudden, rapid, twitch-like contractions?
Definition
Myoclonus
Term
What is the development of tardive dyskinesia associated with?
Definition
Long-term treatment with anti-psychotic meds (dopamine receptor blockers or with metaclopramide - raglan)
Term
Which type of myoclonus is described as movements associated with some seizures?
Definition
epileptic
Term
Which type of myoclonus is described as movements brought on by epilepsy, or head injury, stroke etc?
Definition
pathologic
Term
What type of Myoclonus is associated with hepatic encephalopathy?
Definition
Asterixis
Term
What is the treatment for myoclonus?
Definition
anti-convulsants (valproic acids) and benzos (clonazepam)
Term
What movement disorder is described as sudden, recurrent, quick, coordinated movements and suppression of movements?
Definition
Tics
Term
What condition are tics normally associated with?
Definition
Tourette's syndrome
Term
If a pt presents with a tremor of both of their hands that only impedes their ability to perform fine or delicate tasks, but has no other neurological signs present, what condition is suspected?
Definition
Familial/Benign Essential Tremor
Term
What is the treatment for a Benign Essential Tremor?
Definition
Small quantitity of alcohol
Propranolol
Term
What condition is clinically defined as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, Akinesia/bradykinesia and impairment of postural reflexes?
Definition
Parkinson's Dz
Term
What is the pathology of Parkinson's?
Definition
damage to the substantia nigra w/cell loss in basal ganglia that cause an increase in GABA output which disrupts the balance of GABA and Ach /in the Basal Ganglia
Term
If a pt presents with slower walking, a tremor with hands resting in lap, c/o muscle stiffness and a slowing of every day movements such as eating and dressing, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Parkinson's
Term
What is the treatment for Parkinson's Dz?
Definition
Dopamine Replacement: Carbidopa, Levidopa (helps with bradykinesis and rigidity)
Anticholinergics: Benztropine (helps with rigidity and tremor
Term
What is the preferred treatment of Parkinson's for young pts or those with mild disease?
Definition
Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine)
Term
If a pt in their 30's presents w/gradual onset of involuntary movements, changes in personality and behavior, cognitive impairment, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Huntington's Dz
Term
What is the treatment for Huntington's?
Definition
Haloperidol (may help with movements)
Reserpine
SSRI's
Term
Which movement disorder is related to a hx of rheumatic fever, grp A strep or polyarthritis?
Definition
St. Vitus Dance or Syndenham's Chorea
Term
What are the causes of primary restless leg syndrome?
Definition
Likely genetic
Term
What are the causes of secondary restless leg syndrome?
Definition
Iron deficiency, Pregnancy, Neuro Lesions, Uremia, certain meds
Term
If a pt presents with c/o not being able to sleep because she feels like she needs to constantly move her legs?
Definition
Restless Leg Syndrome
Term
What is the treatment for Restless Leg Syndrome?
Definition
Stretching/ Mental alerting activities/avoid aggravating factors
Dopaminergic Agents (Pramipexole - Mirapex)
Gabapentin
Benzos
Opioids
Term
What prodrome accompanies syncope?
Definition
lightheadedness, tunnel vision, pallor, sweating, nausea, malaise
Term
What is the #1 concern with syncope?
Definition
Whether is is a cardiovascular cause or not
Term
What are the differences between syncope and seizure?
Definition
With syncope there is NO post-ictal state
Term
What is the MC trigger for seizures?
Definition
Not taking meds as instructed
Term
What are the types of primary seizures?
Definition
Benign febrile convulsions of childhood
Epilepsy
Head Trauma
Stroke/TIA
Mass Lesions
Term
What are the causes of secondary seizures?
Definition
Hyperosmolar States
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
Term
What is the first line imaging for seizure diagnosis in an ER setting?
Definition
Non-contrast CT
Term
What are life-threatening seizure conditions usually related to?
Definition
hemorrhage
brain swelling
mass effect
Term
Which seizure pts do not require emergent imaging?
Definition
Pts with previously diagnosed epilepsy
Term
What test is preferred in the diagnosis of seizure pts if the pt is stable?
Definition
MRI is preferred as they have a greater sensitivity for detecting abnormalities
Term
What is the best test for a first time seizure pt who is stable?
Definition
MRI
Term
What is status epilepticus?
Definition
Prolonged seizure activity for greater than 30 minutes
Term
What is the treatment for status epilepticus?
Definition
Thiamine (alcoholism)
Diazepam or Lorazepam
Term
What can anti-convulsant meds cause? How should these conditions be monitored?
Definition
hematologic or hepatic toxicity
Monitored with CBCs, LFTs at 2 wks, 1 mon, 3 mon, 6 mon, and every 6 mon. following
Term
With which category of seizures is there a LOC?
Definition
Generalized Seizures
Term
What is the MC type of seizure category?
Definition
Partial
Term
What is the first line treatment for partial seizures?
Definition
Phenytoin
Term
What are the 6 types of generalized seizures?
Definition
Absence Seizures
Tonic/Clonic Seizures
Myoclonic Seizures
Atonic Seizures
Clonic Seizures
Tonic Seizures
Term
What are the three types of partial seizures?
Definition
Simple Partial
Complex Partial
Simple partial that develops into generalized seizure
Term
If pt has no LOC, but experiences clonic movements of a single muscle group in his leg, what type of seizure do you suspect?
Definition
Simple partial
Term
If a pt presents with a report of an event in which he had olfactory hallucinations, and amnesia after the event and his mom reported that he kept picking at his clothes and wouldn't respond, what type of seizure would you suspect?
Definition
Complex Partial Seizure
Term
What is the treatment for absence seizures?
Definition
Valproic Acid
Term
If a pt's parent presents with c/o their child seems to lapse into dazes where they blink their eyes rapidly and they cannot be aroused, but their posture remains constant and the child is unaware of the event, what type of seizure would you suspect?
Definition
Generalized: Absence
Term
Which type of seizure is described as a sudden, brief lapse in consciousness without a loss of postural control in which the pt may exhibit a blank stare or rapid blinking?
Definition
Absence seizure
Term
Which type of seizure is described as involving both hemispheres of the brain and induces major motor events including jerking of the extremities and the pt has a LOC and a postictal period?
Definition
Tonic/Clonic Seizures (aka Grand Mal)
Term
Which type of tonic/clonic seizure is described as sudden shock-like contractions localized to a few muscles or a limb?
Definition
Myoclonic Seizures
Term
Which type of tonic/clonic seizure is described as sudden loss of muscle tone with loss of body posture?
Definition
Atonic Seizures (drop attacks)
Term
Which type of tonic/clonic seizure is described as slow single or multiple sharp , repetitive jerking movements of arms, legs or torso?
Definition
Clonic Seizures
Term
Which type of tonic/clonic seizure is described as a sudden increase in muscle tone (stiffening) of face and upper body, flexion of arms and extension of legs?
Definition
Tonic Seizures
Term
What are the physiologic effects of seizures lasting under 15 min?
HR
BP
sugar
Temp
Addit.
Definition
Tachycardia
Elevated BP
Hyperglycemia
Elevated Temp
leukocytosis
Term
What are the physiologic effects of seizures lasting between 15 - 30 min?
HR
BP
Addit.
Definition
Dysrhythmias
hypotension
hypoglycemia
Pulmonary edema
Term
What are the physiologic effects of seizures lasting more than 1 hr?
BP
Addit.
Definition
hypotension w/decreased cerebral blood flow
disruption of BBB leading to cerebral edema
Term
What is the gold standard for diagnosing seizures?
Definition
Video EEG Monitoring
Term
What is the DOC for Tonic/Clonic seizures?
Definition
Valproic Acid
Term
If an infant presents with an earache and a fever of 104 has a seizure, what type of seizure do you suspect? What is the prognosis?
Definition
Febrile Seizure; typically benign
Term
What condition is described as irresistible sleep attacks and episodic muscular atonia?
Definition
Narcolepsy
Term
If a pt presents with c/o having attacks of extreme tiredness and weakness for a prolonged period of time, what condition would you suspect?
Definition
Narcolepsy
Term
What is the treatment for narcolepsy?
Definition
Nap therapy
CNS Stimulants (Methylphenidate, d-amphetamine)
Term
What is the diagnostic test of choice for narcolepsy? What will it show?
Definition
Confirmed with sleep studies, abnormal REM waves while awake
Term
What term means "unarousable unresponsiveness"?
Definition
Coma
Term
What term means midway between alertness and coma?
Definition
Stupor
Term
If a pt presents with impaired response to external stimulus and third nerve palsy with ipsilateral fixed and dilated pupil, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Transtentorial Herniation
Term
What does an absent or asymptomatic oculocephalic reflex in a comatose patient mean?
Definition
An absent or asymmetrical reflex implies brain stem dysfunction
Term
What does an absent or asymmetric response to caloric testing in a comatose pt mean?
Definition
brain stem dysfunction
Term
What therapies should be tried in a comatose pt?
Definition
Thiamine (Wernicke's Encephalopathy)
Dextrose (hypoglycemia)
Naloxone (reversal of opiate)
Term
What are the cardinal signs of brain death?
Definition
Coma/unresponsiveness (no response to painful stimuli)
Absence of brainstem reflex (fixed pupils, oculocephalic, gag, grimacing)
Apnea (No respiratory attempts even with PCO2 > 60mmHg)
Term
What term means a sudden, focal interruption of cerebral blood flow resulting in neurological deficits?
Definition
Stroke
Term
What is the main risk factor for ALL stroke types?
Definition
Arterial HTN
Term
What is the pathology of HTN leading to strokes?
Definition
HTN leads to thickening of the vessel resulting in lacunar infarcts
Term
What are the risk factors for stroke?
Definition
HTN
Smoking
Diabetes
A-Fib
High Cholesterol
Preceding TIA
Term
Which type of stroke is due to an infarction from a disruption of blood supply?
Definition
Ischemic
Term
Which type of stroke is due to ruptured blood vessels and local blood collection?
Definition
Hemorrhagic
Term
What are the two types of ischemic strokes?
Definition
Thrombolytic
Embolytic
Term
What is the MC type of stroke?
Definition
Ischemic Thrombolytic
Term
What are the types of hemorrhagic strokes?
Definition
Intracerebral
Subdural/Subarachnoid
Term
Which type of hemorrhagic stroke is described as bleeding within the brain tissue?
Definition
Intracerebral hemorrhagic
Term
Which type of hemorrhagic stroke is described as a mass lesion that results in elevated ICP?
Definition
Subdural & Subarachnoid
Term
What is the causative factor of thrombolytic strokes?
Definition
Atherosclerosis
Term
If a pt has a stroke that had an abrupt onset with progression to maximal deficits over minutes to hours, onset during sleep, or a stepwise progression with gradual improvement over days to weeks, what type of stroke would you suspect?
Definition
Thrombolytic
Term
If a pt has an abrupt onset stroke and rapid improvement, what type of stroke should you suspect?
Definition
Embolytic Stroke
Term
What are most deaths that occur within 1 week of stroke event caused by?
Definition
Cerebral Edema
Term
If a pt has stroke symptoms including amaurosis fugax, horner's syndrome, hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, slurred speech, transient aphasia, what artery is affected?
Definition
Internal Carotid artery
Term
If a pt has stroke symptoms including abulia (spontaneous lack of concern that something is wrong), contralateral grasp reflex, sucking reflex, weakness of leg (legs affected more than arms), and apraxia, what artery is affected?
Definition
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Term
If a pt present s/p stroke and has severe disability, homonymous hemianopsia, global aphasia, gaze deviated toward infarcted hemisphere, which artery is affected?
Definition
Middle Cerebral Artery
Term
If a pt presents with stroke symptoms including memory deficit, unformed visual hallucinations, paralysis of eye movement, alexia without agraphia, thalamic syndrome (Sensory los, athetosis- weird movement), what artery is affected?
Definition
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Term
If a pt has stroke symptoms including BINOCULAR visual disturbances, drop attacks, vertigo, tinnitus, N/V, numbness around face and lips, what artery is affected?
Definition
Vertebral Basilar artery
Term
What is the only approved therapy for an ischemic stroke?
Definition
TPA
Term
What are the contraindications to TPA therapy?
Definition
Bleeding d/o
Hx of ICH
Evidence of hemorrhage on head CT
Sx suggestive of SAH event even w/CT w/in NL
Stroke or head trauma in the past 3 months
Uncontrolled HTN
Pregnant/Lactating
LP w/in last 7 days
MI in past 3 months
Medical surgery in past 14 days
Term
How should high BP with ischemic strokes be controlled?
Definition
If SBP is over 220 or DBP is over 120 then use labetalol to slightly decrease BP
Term
If a pt presents with the worst HA they have ever had with rapid deterioration over a few hours, what stroke do you suspect?
Definition
Intracerebral bleed
Term
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke usually due to?
Definition
usually due to ruptured cerebral artery aneurysm or AVM (Atrial Venous Malformation)
Term
If a pt presents with the worst HA of their life, LOC, neck stiffness, non-focal neurologic symptoms, what type of stroke should you suspect?
Definition
Subarachnoid
Term
What type of diagnostic studies should be done for a hemorrhagic stroke?
Definition
Non-Contrast CT - hemorrhage appears white
MRI - center of hemorrhage is white with dark periphery
Term
When is an LP indicated for a hemorrhagic stroke? What are the positive findings?
Definition
Indicated if CT is neg, but hemorrhagic stroke is suspected; Xanthochromia or yellow CSF develops approx 4 hrs after hemorrhage
Term
How should BP with a hemorrhagic stroke be addressed?
Definition
Addressed with IV Nitroprusside, Nicardipine or Labetalol if SBP is btwn 140 - 160mmHg
Term
What are the three most predictive exam findings for an acute stroke?
Definition
1) Asymmetric Facial Weakness
2) Arm drift/Weakness
3) Abnormal Speech (dysarthria)
Term
What is the best diagnostic test for an emergent stroke?
Definition
Non-contrast CT
Term
What are TIAs indicative of?
Definition
an Impending stroke
Term
What is the treatment of a TIA?
Definition
TPA
Antiplatelet Therapy (Ticlopine is better than ASA)
Term
What is the #1 prevention of strokes?
Definition
aggressive control of BP
Term
What med can be used to control the hyperlipidemia risk factor for strokes?
Definition
Statins
Term
What med can be used to control the risk of a-fib for stroke?
Definition
Warfarin
Term
If a pt presents with c/o presyncope, neurological deficits in hand, and on physical exam their is a difference is BP between arms, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Subclavian Artery Steal
Term
What is the most serious cause of an acute HA?
Definition
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Meningitis/Encephalitis
Term
What are some of the causes of subacute HA?
Definition
Giant Cell Arteritis
Brain Tumor
Pseudotumorcerebri
Trigeminal neuralgia
Post-herpetic neuralgia
Term
If a pt presents with a chronic HA that has worsened over the past months, that is worse in the morning and with exertion or valsalva, and has associated symptoms including NV and an aura accompanying their HA, what condition should you suspect?
Definition
Brain Tumor
Term
How is a brain tumor diagnosed?
Definition
CT w/contrast
Biopsy to confirm
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