Term
| inflammatory condition of the pancreas |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the cause of acute or chronic pancreatitis |
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Definition
| alcohol, trauma, damage to the bilary tract, infectious disease |
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|
Term
| what are the two factors most commonly associated with pancreatitis |
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Definition
1. acohol
2. biliary tract disease |
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|
Term
| in pancreatitis the enzymes cannot flow out of the pancreas due to |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a serious development of pancreatitis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the CM of pancreatitis |
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Definition
| severe abdominal pain radiating to the back. Jaundice is also noted |
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Term
| how can the pain be decreased from pancreatitis |
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Definition
| flexing the trunk, leaning foward from a sitting position, or b sitting in a fetal position |
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|
Term
| how can the pain be decreased from pancreatitis |
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Definition
| flexing the trunk, leaning foward from a sitting position, or b sitting in a fetal position |
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|
Term
| what are some other complaints of pancreatitis |
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Definition
| nausea, anorexia, malaise, retlesness |
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Term
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Definition
| noting the presence of low grade fever, vomiting in 70 - 90 % of pts. jaundice, wt loss steatorrhea and tachycardia |
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Term
| how do you diagnose pancreatitis |
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Definition
there will be increased amalyse an lipds
CT or ultrasound |
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|
Term
| how do you diagnose pancreatitis |
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Definition
there will be increased amalyse an lipds
CT or ultrasound |
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|
Term
| what is the tx of pancreatitis |
|
Definition
NPO and NG tube, pain meds
surgery may be indicated if the biliary tract disease is present
TPN |
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Term
| what type of diet should a person on pancreatitis have |
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Definition
bland, low fat, high protein, high carb
no alcohol, no coffee |
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|
Term
| what is the nursing interventions |
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Definition
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Term
| disorders of the biliary system are common in the US and are responsible for the hospitilization of more than a half million people a year |
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Definition
| cholecystitis and cholelithiasis |
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Term
| who do you see cholecystitis and cholelithiasis |
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Definition
| women than men, american indians and whites in obese people, pregnant women, people with diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cholecystitis can be caused by |
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Definition
| obstruction of a gallstone or a tumor |
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Term
| clinical manifestation of cholecystitis is |
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Definition
| sudden onset of n/v and severe , colicky pain in the RUQ of the abdomen, hx of fat intolerance |
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Term
| subjective data includes c/o |
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Definition
indegestion after eating foods high in fat.
anorexia, flatulence, vomiting, nausea, |
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Term
| what is the objective data |
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Definition
| low grade fever and an elevated leukocyte count, mind jaundice, stools that contain fat (steatorrhea), clay colored stools, urine is dark amber or tea colored |
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Term
| dx tests for cholecystitis |
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Definition
| fecal studies, serum bilirubin test, US, HIDA scan, oral cholecystogram |
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Term
| if the attack is mild cholecystitis the pt is treated |
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Definition
| conservatively, bed rest, NG tube is inserted and low suction, NPO |
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|
Term
| what type of diet should the person have with cholecystitis |
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Definition
| low in fat and cholesterol, avoidance of spicy foods |
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|
Term
| what is the tx of choice for cholecystitis |
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Definition
| cholecystctomy - removal of the gallbladder |
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Term
| an endscopic examination that enables direct visualizing of a joint. |
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Definition
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Term
| type f disease in which there is an inflammation of a joint |
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Definition
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Term
| most serious form of the disease and leads to severe crippling. it is a chronic systemic disease that affects 3% of the population |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of the diathroses joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of the diathroses joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of the diathroses joint |
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|
Term
| what is the objective data collected |
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Definition
| joint edema, tenderness, subcutaneous nodules, limited ROM, especially morning stiffness, symmetrical joint involvement, fever |
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|
Term
| what are the dx tests for RA |
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Definition
| ESR, Latex agglutination test, RF, Red cell count, synovial fluid aspiration |
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Term
| Medical treatment early is most beneficial, tx is aimed at |
|
Definition
administering NSAIDs
pain relief
prolonging joint function
slowing progression of joint damage- daily exercise, PT, wt management |
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|
Term
| what are some nursing interventions and pt teaching |
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Definition
rest most imp. 8 - 10 hours and 2 hour naps
exercise- quiet 10 - 15 min two to three times a day
heat lamps, paraffin wax
rehab |
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Term
| most important about pt teaching is |
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Definition
| teach a person about the disease process |
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Term
| osteoarthritis is also called |
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Definition
| degnerative joint disease |
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Term
| this disease is an almost inevitable consquence of aging and is a major cause of severe chronic disability |
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Definition
|
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Term
| it is anonsystemic noninflammatory disorder that progressively causes bones and joints to degenerate |
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Definition
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Term
| nearly all people over ____ will show show osteorarthritic changes |
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Definition
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Term
| objective data for osteoarthritis will reveal |
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Definition
joint edema, herberdens nodes appear on the distal side
bouchards nodes - appear on the proximal joints of fingers
pts gait will reveal a limp |
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Term
| the doctor will order what for osteoarthritis |
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Definition
| rest periods with excercise, PT, gait enhancers, heat applications, drug therapy |
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Term
| what else can be done for osteoarthritis |
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Definition
| osteotoy,arthroplasty of the hip and knee is the most common |
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Term
| what is the nursing intervention |
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Definition
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Term
| metabolic disorder resulting from an acumulation of uric acid in the bood. it is an acute inflammatory condition associated with ineffective metabolism of purines |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 85% of people will develop |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| calculi containing sodium urate deposits that develop in periarticular fibrous tissue, |
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Term
| what is the clinical manifestation of gout |
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Definition
| excruciating pain that occurs at night, mainly occurs in the big toe |
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Term
| tophi are seen around the |
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Definition
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Term
| data collectioon involves a dietary history with specific questions concerning coonsumption of |
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Definition
| alcohol, foods high in purine |
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Term
| what are some foods high in purine |
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Definition
| organ meats, brain, kidney, liver, heart, anchovies, yeast, herring, mackeral, scallops |
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Term
| nurse should notice signs of |
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Definition
| edema in the big toe, redness, purple, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea |
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Term
| what are the lab tests for gout |
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Definition
| serum and urine uric acid levels |
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Term
| what is the medical management for gout |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an important nursing intervention for gout |
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Definition
| administration of 2000 m daily helps eliminate the excess urinary urates |
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Term
| hip replacement is commonly perormed when arthritis involves the |
|
Definition
| head of the femu and acetabulum |
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|
Term
| in hip replacement how should the leg be kept |
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Definition
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|
Term
| pt should limit hip flexion to _____ degrees for approx. 2 - 3 months |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most common fx treated in the hospital |
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Definition
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Term
| hip fx is involved in either |
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Definition
| intracapsular fx or extracapsular fx |
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Term
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Definition
| pain at site, inability to move the leg voluntarily, shortening or external rotation of the leg |
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Term
| the most important thing the nurse can do is keep the injured part at |
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Definition
| rest because movement of a fxbone can cause additional damage and may cause a closed fx |
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Term
| treating what takes presidence over treating the fx |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the preferred method of managing hip fx |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is some pt teaching for hip fx |
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Definition
| pt should not elevate the leg while sitting, dont cross legs , HOB should be at 45 degree angle,use abduction pillow for 7 - 10 days, |
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Term
| complications of hip fx are the most common cause of death after the age of |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| first fx are described as eiter |
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Definition
| open (compound) or closed (simple) |
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Term
| incomplete fx in which the fx line extends only partially through the bone. bone is broken and bent but stilled secured on one side. most commonly seen in children |
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Definition
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|
Term
| fracture line extends entirely through the bone. with the periosteum disrupted on both sides of the bone |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bone is splintered into three or more fragments at the site of the break. there is more than one fx line |
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Definition
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Term
| sometimes called a telescope fx, one bone fragment is forcibly wedged into another bone fragment, it can create a shortening of the extremity |
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Definition
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Term
| sometimes called a telescope fx, one bone fragment is forcibly wedged into another bone fragment, it can create a shortening of the extremity |
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Definition
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Term
| breakruns directly across the bone, it is at a right angle of the bones axis |
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Definition
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Term
| breakruns directly across the bone, it is at a right angle of the bones axis |
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Definition
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Term
| break runs along a slant to the length of the bone, it is approx at a 45 degree angle to the shaft of the bone |
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Definition
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Term
| break coils around the bone. sometimes called a torsion fx and results from a twisting force |
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Definition
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Term
| fx of the distal portion of the radius within 1 inch of the joint . this occurs when the person attempts to break the fall with there hands |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs at the distal end of the fibula characterized by chipping of the medial malleolus with a displacement of the foot outward |
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Definition
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Term
| pathological condition caused yb the pregressive development of arterial vessel compesson and reduced blood supply to affected extremity |
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Definition
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|
Term
| compartment syndrome can be caued by |
|
Definition
| tight casts or dressing, muscle ischemia |
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|
Term
| irreversible muscle ischemia can occur within |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subjective data for compartment syndrome is |
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Definition
| severe pain that can not be alleviated with pain meds. numbness or tingling of extremities |
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Term
| subjective data for compartment syndrome is |
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Definition
| severe pain that can not be alleviated with pain meds. numbness or tingling of extremities |
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Term
| objective data of compartment syndrome includes |
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Definition
inability to flex fingers or toes, coolness of the extremity and absence of pulsation in the affected extremity
skin will have pallor , or cyanosis capillary refill will be slow |
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|
Term
| what is the treatment for compartment syndrome |
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Definition
| fasciotomy - to relieve pressure, it is done immediately within 30 minutes. the incision is left open to heal by granulation |
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|
Term
| nursing interventions for compartment syndrome |
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Definition
pain medication administration
keep affected limb elevated no higher than heartlevel
cold packs - removal of constricting material
purulent drainage is sign of infection |
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|
Term
| what is a permanent contraction tha can occur becasue of compartment syndrome |
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Definition
| volkmanns contracture - permanent contracture, (with clawhand, flexion of wrist and fingers, and atrophy of the forearm) |
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|
Term
| involves the embolization of tissue fat with platelets and circuating free fatty acids within the pulonary capillaries |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when should you expect a fat embolism |
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Definition
| person has multiple fx of long bones and the pelvis |
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|
Term
| what is the most serious complcation of long bone fx |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the onset of a fat embolism usually occurs within |
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Definition
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|
Term
| subjective data includes assessment of |
|
Definition
| mental disturbances, irritability, restlessness, disorientation, stupor, coma |
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Term
| collection of objective data includes assessing the pt for |
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Definition
| hypoxemia, auditory crackles, dyspnea, tachypnea, wheezes |
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Term
| the dr will order what with fat embolism |
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Definition
| iv fluids, steroid therapy, digoxin, oxygen, IS |
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|
Term
| what is the most common cause of death in fat embolism |
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Definition
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Term
| form of traction used as temprorary measure to provide support and comfort to a fx extremity until a more definite tx is initiated. . traction pull s in a horizontal plane with affected extremity. freq used to treat muscle spasms and monor fx of the lowe |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a knee sling is used to provide support of the affected leg. it allows more movement in bed and permits flexion of hte knee joint. usually used to treat hip and knee fx |
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Definition
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|
Term
| used in pediatrics for small children with fx femurs. both legs are suspended ata 90 degree angle to the runk of hte body, and the w of hte lower body pulls the bone fragments of hte fx leg into alignment |
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Definition
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Term
| painful disorder of the wrist or hand, induced by compression on the median nerve between the inelastic carpal ligament and other structures in the carpal tunnel |
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Definition
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|
Term
| carpal tunnel syndrome results from pressure on the median nerve on the wrist symptoms of |
|
Definition
| paresthesia (sensation of pins and needles) and hypoesthesia (decrease in sensation |
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Term
| there is a higher incidence of this in |
|
Definition
women who are obese, middle aged women involving repetitious motions of hte fingers and hands
women in there last trimester |
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|
Term
| the affected hand has alterred ability to |
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Definition
| grasp or hold small objects |
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Term
|
Definition
| c/o burning pain or tingling in the hands relieved with vigoruos shaking or exercising of hte hands, numbness, inability to grasp or hold objects |
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|
Term
| objective data includes assessment of the |
|
Definition
| hand, wrist, or fingers for edema, muscle atrophy or a depressed appearance of hte soft tissue at the base of hte thumb onthe palmar surface |
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|
Term
| dx tests for carpal tunnel syndrome are |
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Definition
physical exam
electromyogram
MRI
handheld electroneurometer |
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|
Term
| medical management for carpal tunnel syndrome is |
|
Definition
splint if you have mild symptoms
hydrocortisone acetate suspension injections - mild sx
surgery for severe sx |
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|
Term
| if surgery is required the post op intervetions are as follows |
|
Definition
1. elevate hand and arm for 24 hours
2. implementing and evaluating active thumb and finger motion
3. administer meds
4. monitor v/s
5. check fingers for circulation, sensation, movement every 1 - 2 hours for 24 hours |
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|
Term
| amputation can be done for |
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Definition
| trauma, diabetes, tumors, impaired circulation |
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|
Term
| if replantation takes place the severed limb should be kept sterile and placed |
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Definition
| in a moist plastic bag filled with ice water. keep away from ice, do not use dry ice |
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|
Term
| subjective data in an amputation includes |
|
Definition
assessment of pain
level of orientation
neuro impairment |
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|
Term
| objective data include what in an amputation |
|
Definition
assess v/s
assess bilateral pedal pulses and doppler pressure measurements
assess wound drainage for color, amount and presence of odor
evaluate upper body strenght and nutritional status |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| post op care of pt w/amputation includes noting subjective data such as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| collection of objective data after amputation includes |
|
Definition
observing for hemorrhage
monitoring suction drainage and documenting
assesing and protecting the remaining extremety
observe for nero impairent - done hourly in the immediate post period |
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|
Term
| flexion hip contractures can be prevented postop by |
|
Definition
| raising the foot of the bed slightly to elevate the residual eextremity (do not elevate the stump on a pillow) |
|
|
Term
| what are the risk factors for duodenal ulcers |
|
Definition
| H. pylori infection, NSAIDS, cigarette smoking, and coffee |
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|
Term
| what is the characteristic symptoms of duodenal ulcers |
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Definition
| pain, symptom are described as dull, burning, burning, and gnawing, it is located in the midline of the epigstric region |
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|
Term
| when GI bleeding occurs what are some signs |
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Definition
vomiting (hematemesis) coffee grounds
also, melena (tarlike, fetid - smelling sgtool containing undigested blood |
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|
Term
| gastric outlet obstruction is a complication of a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is done for relief of a person with gastric outlet obstruction |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of diet should the pt with ulcers have |
|
Definition
| smaller more frequent meals throughout the day |
|
|
Term
| what surgery is performed for ucers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of the vagal innervation to the funds, decreasing acid produced by the parietalcells of the stomach. usually done with the bilroth I and II procedure |
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|
Term
| ulcerative colitis and crohns disease occur more often in |
|
Definition
| women, in the jewish population |
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|
Term
ulceratrive colitis is confined to the mucosa and submucosa of hte colon
the disease usually starts on the |
|
Definition
| left side of the colon and go to the right |
|
|
Term
| what is the CM of ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
| diarrhea - up to 15 - 20 loose stools a day containing pus and blood and mucus |
|
|
Term
| what is a complication of ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subjective data for ulcerative colitis is |
|
Definition
| c/o rectal bleeding and abdominal cramps. lethargy, sense of frustration and loss of control |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| wt loss, abdominal distention, fever, tachycardia, leukocytosis, stool changes |
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|
Term
| med tx of ulcerative colitis |
|
Definition
| medication, diet intervention, stress reduction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| milk products, spicy foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical formation of an opening of hte ileum onto the surface of hte abdomen, through fecal matter is emptied |
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