Term
| Where does extra-medullary hematopoiesis occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term describes the ability of WBCs to travel outside of the blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term describes the ability of the WBC to follow a chemical trail of damaged cells or leukocytes to an area of infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term means an increase in the # of WBCs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be the first indicator of Leukemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the job of the neutrophil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the job of the eosinophil? |
|
Definition
kill parasitic worms
Important in allergy and asthma |
|
|
Term
| What is the job of basophils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the job of lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
| Mount immune response via direct attack or antibody release |
|
|
Term
| What is the job of monocytes? |
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis and become macrophages in tissues |
|
|
Term
| What does the term "shift to the left" mean in immunology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the term "extreme shift to the left" in immunology mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBCs are granulocytes? |
|
Definition
Phil with granules
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils |
|
|
Term
| Which WBCs are Agranulocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of benign lymphadenopathy? |
|
Definition
Bacterial - TB or Cat Scratch Fever
Viral - HIV, Mononucleosis
Protozoan - Toxoplasmosis |
|
|
Term
| What test are used in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy? |
|
Definition
CBC with diff
VDRL or RPR (r/o syphillis)
HIV
LFTs
Hepatitis panel
EBV (r/o mono)
ANA (r/o rheumatic disease)
TSH
CXR - (medistinal adenopathy) |
|
|
Term
| What types of exposures increase your risk of developing Leukemia? |
|
Definition
Ionizing radiation
benzene
alkylating agents |
|
|
Term
| What virus may be involved in the development of leukemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of Leukemia? |
|
Definition
Unexplained Fever
Malaise (HA, fatigue, weakness)
Bone Pain
Weight Loss
Night Sweats
Splenomegaly
Recurrent Infections
Bleeding tendencies
Lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark of leukemia? |
|
Definition
| Pancytopenia with circulating blasts |
|
|
Term
| How does flow cytometry work? |
|
Definition
| Cells are tagged with markers and then are counted |
|
|
Term
| How is the definitive dx of leukemia made? |
|
Definition
Bone Marrow Aspiration
Lymphnode Biopsy |
|
|
Term
| If blasts are present in a peripheral blood smear what is the next step for f/u? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for leukemia? |
|
Definition
Chemo and Stem Cell Transplant Combo
RT
Pain Meds |
|
|
Term
| With a myeloproliferative disease which cells increase in number? |
|
Definition
| Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils) |
|
|
Term
| Which leukemia is the MC leukemia in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient presents with fatigue, fever, bacterial URIs, bone pain, bleeding problems and gingival hyperplasia what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of Leukemia has Auer rods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does AML progress rapidly or slowly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the treatments for AML? |
|
Definition
Targeted Monoclonal Antibody therapy
Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy
Bone Marrow Transplant |
|
|
Term
| Which type of leukemia can occur secondarily from breast CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three phases of CML? |
|
Definition
Chronic
Accelerated
Acute (blast phase) |
|
|
Term
| Which type of leukemia has characteristic Philadelphia chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of leukemia is described as a chronic "controllable leukemia" that is curable as well? If treatment is unsuccessful what can this type of leukemia convert to? |
|
Definition
CML
May convert to blast crisis with unsuccessful Rx |
|
|
Term
| What types of cells are predominate in a leukemoid reaction? |
|
Definition
| Predominance of neutrophils and bands - no blasts are present and no Philadelphia Chromosome |
|
|
Term
| How does a Leukmoid reaction usually present? |
|
Definition
| Presents with prolonged, severe infection |
|
|
Term
| From what cells do lymphoid neoplasms result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two stages of lymphoid neoplasms and how are they determined? |
|
Definition
Leukemia - when present in the blood
Lymphoma - when present in the lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
| Which type of leukemia is most common in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with symptoms including bone pain, fever, lymphadenopathy, Infections, bleeding tendancy, bruising and CNS involvement (HA and vomiting), Hepatosplenomegaly, and pallor what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is CNS involvement with ALL, what med should you use to treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnostic criteria for ALL? |
|
Definition
| At least 20% of the bone marrow cells must be lymphoblasts |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for ALL? |
|
Definition
Chemo
w/CNS Involvement = Methotrexate
Stem Cell Transplant |
|
|
Term
| How often should a CBC be completed on a pt as a f/u for ALL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which types of cells are affected in CLL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of leukemia is the most common overall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which system helps to stage CLL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What system helps classify AML? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark of CLL? |
|
Definition
| Isolated lymphocytosis with WBC > 20,000 |
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis for CLL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What test is used to diagnose CLL? |
|
Definition
| CBC (shows dysfunctional lymphocytes) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for CLL |
|
Definition
Palliative or no treatment
Rituximab to induce remission
Stem Cell Transplant |
|
|
Term
| What system is used to stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common age of onset for Hodgkin's lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| Bimodal - between 15 and 45 and after 60 |
|
|
Term
| Which virus is found in 40 - 50% of all Hodgkin's lymphoma cases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is stage 1 of Ann Arbor classification? |
|
Definition
| single lymph-node region or extralymphatic site |
|
|
Term
| What is stage II of the Ann Arbor staging? |
|
Definition
| 2 or more sites on the same side of the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| What is Stage III of the Ann Arbor staging system? |
|
Definition
| Involvement on both sides of the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| What is Stage IV of the Ann Arbor staging system? |
|
Definition
| Disseminated disease of extralymphatic organs with or without lymphnode involvement |
|
|
Term
| If a patient presents with painless lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, fatigue, fever (intermittent), night sweats, weight loss, and pruritis, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diagnostic test is used to classify hodgkin's lymphoma into different stages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition has the classic finding of Reed-Sternburg cells on bone-marrow biopsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Hodgkin's Lymphoma? |
|
Definition
Chemo (cures 50% of advanced stages)
Radiation (cures 80% of Stage 1 disease) |
|
|
Term
| What are some common chemo drugs used to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma? |
|
Definition
Adriamycin
Vinblastine
Bleomycin
Dacarbazine
Vincristine
Prednisone
Procarbazine
Nitrogen Mustard |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of cisplatin? |
|
Definition
| Ototoxic, renal insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| What are the SE of Adriamycin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SE of Bleomycin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the SE of Vincristine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the SE of Cytoxan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which condition is characterized by malignant proliferation of B or T lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the peak incidence of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for NHL? |
|
Definition
Radiotherapy
Combo Chemotherapy
Monoclonal Antibodies
May require bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lymphnode or tissue biopsy
CXR
CT Scan
Bone Marrow Biopsy
PET Scan
Lumbar Puncture
Peripheral Smear |
|
|
Term
| What appearance is characteristic with Burkitt's Lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What chromosome is involved with Burkitt's Lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which disease is described as a very aggressive tumor of immature B cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt has a tumor localized to their jaw, with the involvement of kidney, bone, ovaries and CNS, what condition should you expect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is Burkitt's Lymphoma strongly associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is a precursor for MM? How long can it take to progress to MM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What evidence can be found for MGUS? |
|
Definition
Bone Lesions
Bence-Jones protein in urine
Excess production of monoclonal antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Confirmed by bone marrow biopsy |
|
|
Term
| What is an M protein peak characteristic of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does MM show up on bone scan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for MM? |
|
Definition
Chemo
Bone Marrow Transplant
Allopurinol (↓uric acid & prevent uric acid kidney stones)
Narcotics |
|
|
