Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Med Surg Comprehensive
Nursing at Wallace CAT Review
264
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
04/23/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition
primarily afffects the weight bearing joints
may have crepitition
Term
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition
Morning Stiffness of all jooints and elevated sedimmentation rate
Term
needs a low purine diet - purine is an ennd product of protein digestion and breaks down into uric acid
Definition
Gout
Term
clients need to stay physically active and use narcotic and non narcotic analgesics depending on the level of pain
Definition
DJD
Term
if fractured and complaints of numbness distally what to do
Definition
indicates decreased circulation, nerve compression and possibly compartment syndrome. Neurovascular assessment to determine extent of problem after, elevate while dr notified.
Term
Most effective tx for osteomyelitis
Definition
infection in bone - hard to heal - IV antibiotics for extended period and are usuallyy Rx in aggressive tx
Term
classic sign of a fx hip
Definition
shorter than opposite and abnormally - externally or internally - rotated
Term
common sign of a fx that is nondisplaced simple
Definition
edema redness warmth inability to bearr weight and pain
Term
Reproduction or multiplicattion of similar forms usually referrring to increases of cells
Definition
Proliferation
Term
Subluxation
Definition
a partial or incomplete dislocation or displacemernt ofo a bone from its normal position
Term
Bucks Traction
Definition
type of skin tracttion andd is used to stablize and immobilize a fractured femur. It decreases risk for further injury until surgery and can reduce painful muscle spasms
Term
Multiple Sclerosis priority
Definition
assist the client to identify factors tat precipitate axacerbations
Term
use of a radiopaque solution injected into a joint to outline the joint for visualization of cartilage and joint structures
Definition
arthrogram
Term
priority nursing action for just sustaining a hip fracturee
Definition
immobilize the affected extremity b/c movement could cause further damage, more extensive internal bleeding and increased pain
Term
Overhead trapeze for a broken femur does
Definition
facilitate independent movement in bed. Maintains range of motion of upper extremitiies and strengthens biceps. Secondary benefits are enhances breathing and lung expansion and promotes circulation
Term
osteoporosis in women primary causes
Definition
low lifetime of calcium intake, family hx, low fluoride intake & inactive lifestyle, advanced age, small frame, and low Vit D intake
Term
How do you prevent footdrop with a leg in a cast
Definition
foot is supported with 90 degrees of flexion
Term
the progression compromise of neurovascular function of tissue in a confined space such as in a cast. It may also result from inflammation that is circumferenttial around an extremity.
The earliest sign is paresthesia then pain, pressure from edema, pallor, paralysis and absent pulse
Definition
Compartment Syndrome
Term
causeed by decreased circulation due to pressure, tissue3 hypoxia and destruction
Definition
Pressure Ulcer
Term
Infectious process of the bone
Definition
Osteomyelitis
Term
acute even wheere fat globules release into circulation obstruct pulmonary circulation. It is seen with a fx of long bones such as femur
Definition
Fat embolism
Term
normal platelet count
Definition
150,000 to 400,000
Term
thrombocytopenia
Definition
low platelett count may be accompanied by signs of hemorrhange such as bruising and petechiae
Term
Electrolyte affected by multiple blood transfers
Definition
hypocalcemia
Term
classic sign of pernicious anemia
Definition
red beefy tongue
Term
Highest Priority care in thrombocytopenia
Definition
Protecting the client from potential injury b/c law platelet and impaired clotting mechanism - an injury could cause spontaneous hemorrhage internally or externally
Term
Highest N Dx for iron deficiency anemia
Definition
Impaired Gas Exchange - there are subnornal hemoglobin levels that cannot carry enough oxygen to the tissues.
Term
parathyroid hormones conntrol
Definition
serum calcium by regulating absorption of calciuum from the GI tract, mobilizing calcium in bones and exreting caal in breast milk, feces, sweat and urine.
Term
Normal Serum Calcium
Definition
9 to 11.5 mg
Term
What insulin is drawed up first if you have 2 in same tube
Definition
Regular b/ you dont want the Regular to become contaiminated with the NPH. Inject air in the NPH first
Term
Cushing Syndrom prominent sign
Definition
truncal obesity, moon face and fat deposits in neck and upper back known as buffalo hump. Reults from overproduction of adrenocorticosteroids or taking large doses of steroid medication.
Term
Hyperparathyroidism
Definition
cardiac dysrhythmias may result b/c of increased serum calcium levels
Term
Complications of hypothyroidism
Definition
seizures and cattaracts
Term
Propranolol given with diabetes - major concern
Definition
decreased ability to sense hypoglycemia. it can mask hypoglycemia induced tachycardia, thereby decreasing ability to sense a drop in blood sugar.
Term
a disorder of posteerior pituittary gland causing a deficiency of ADH which results in the inabilityy of the kidneys to reabsorb water. Can lead to increased urinary output as primary clinical manifestation. Without tx severely dehydrated and hypovolemic shock.
Definition
Diabetes Insipidus
Term
results from hyperthyroidism and causes an increase in metabolism. Important for nurse to plan care to MAINTAIN OR GAIN WEIGHT
Definition
Graves Disease - will be hyper alert, anxious, difficulty sleeping.
Term
Syndroe of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion
Definition
characterized by excessive relea e of ADH from Posterior Pituitary Gladn resulting in the inability of the kidneys to dilute urine. Retain Water, and increased extracellular fluid volume and hyponatremia.
Term
reults from a deficiency of adrenocorticosteroid hormones, steroid theerapy is primary tx
Definition
Addison's Disease
Term
serious complication from cirrhosis of liver
Definition
frequenct nosebleeds and bruising
Term
Immediate concern postoperative for cholecystectomy
Definition
bleeding
Term
dumping sydrome
Definition
the passage of food into the jejunum without being diluted. This causes a surge of insulin to be released resulting in the sx of profuse sweating nausea dizziness and weakness. Frequently seenn in clients who have had a subtotal gastrectomy or gastric bypass surgerey.
Term
Highest suicide rate of any age group
Definition
Older adults - any suicide tendencies should be reported to dr.
Term
single most important predictor for falls
Definition
Hx of falls
Term
Restraints should be checked
Definition
every 30 to 60 minutes and released every 2 hours
Term
driving of older adults should be discontinued
Definition
wheen vision, reflexes, or confidence begins to suffer
Term
70 yr old is non compliant in taking meds, what should nurse do
Definition
as what the barriers are to taking the meds
Term
older client's highest risk for abuse is from
Definition
family member who becomes frustrated or distraught over the burden of caring 0
Term
older adult depression leads to
Definition
malnutrition
Term
Fastest subgroup of older adults
Definition
old old - 85 to 99
Term
Relocation stress best practice
Definition
reorient the client frequently to his location
Term
broad term used for a syndrome that involves a slowly progressive cognitive declince
Definition
dementia - sometimes referred to as chronic confusion
Term
broad term defined as a mood disorder that can have cognitive, affective and physical manifestations
Definition
Depression
Term
form of dementia
Definition
Alzheimer's disease
Term
when assessing for acute or chronic pain, what best question for nurse to ask
Definition
when does it hurt - helps determine precipitating fxs to help identify source of pain
Term
condition created by undertreatment of pain - characterized by anger, esclating demand for more or different medication.
Definition
pseudo addiction
Term
Demerol 100 mg q4hr IM - is comparable to what PO
Definition
Lorttab 20 mg by mouth
Term
Client with cancer receiving low dose oral morphine but still reports breakthrough pain as well as constipation. What intervention does the nurse implement
Definition
gives ordered docusate and gabapentin - docusate is a stool softener and gabapentine is adjuvant for breakthrough pain
Term
client with chronic pain says i just can't manage living right now what intervention does nurse anticipate
Definition
add Zoloft -sertraline - both tricyyclic and other antidepressants help treat dpression accompanied by chronic pain. They stimulate the activitty of endogenous opiates (endorphines and enkephalines) by increasing levels of the neuurotransmitter serotonin. They have a sedative effect.
Term
Postoperative epidural analgesia reports itching what does nurse do
Definition
give a small amount of Narcan
Term
What medication can be given is Potassium is high
Definition
Insulin and Dextrose - a combo of 20 u of regular insulin in 100 ml of 20% dextrose wll promote K+ into ICF
Term
What is given for dehydration
Definition
5% Dextrose in water - it is isotonic
Term
Maximum amount recommended ffor infusion rate of K+
Definition
5 to 10 mEq hr NEVER to exceed 20 mEq hr under any circumstances
Term
Priority assessment when giving Lasix
Definition
response to drg especially weight loss and inncreased urine output
Term
Hypokalemia increases the sensitivity of the cardiac muscles to any drug especially
Definition
Digoxin
Term
Rehydration most important things to monitor
Definition
pulse rate and quality and urine output
Term
High K+ foods are
Definition
bananas, cantaloupe, kiwi, oranges, avacodos, broccoli, dried beans, lima beans, mushroomms, potatoes, seaweed, soybeans and spinanch
Term
Potassium depleting diuretics
Definition
Loop Diuretics
Term
Best indicator of fluid retention and overload
Definition
rapid daily wts. Each pound of weight gained (after the first half-pound) equates to 500 ml of retained water.
Term
Common cause of Hypernatremia
Definition
excessive sweating
Term
common cause of hyponatremia
Definition
hyperglycemia, hypotonic fluid administration, low salt diet
Term
physiologic change resulting from the aging process that alters hydration status in older adults
Definition
decreased muscle mass
Term
client admitted for hypokalemia and skeletal muscle weakness - priority assessment
Definition
respirations - because of weakness of muscles needed for breathing.
Term
first priority intervention for fluid overload
Definition
raise the HOB
Term
Hyponatremia what finding requires immediate action
Definition
muscle weakness - check respirations
Term
pH is a measurement of
Definition
body fluids free hydrogen ion level. This value has narrowest range of normal and the tightest control mechanisms of all electrolyte
Term
HCO3 is
Definition
bicarbonate level in arterial blood
Term
the role of HCO3 in blood
Definition
binds with Hydrogen ions to decrease acidity
Term
names of compensatory or regulatory mechanisms used in the process of compensation
Definition
Chemical, Respiratory and Renal
Term
first arterial blood gas noticeable change in acid base balance that indicates acidosis
Definition
decreaseed O2
Term
initial priority for anxiety induced respiratory alkalosis
Definition
encouraging slow deep breathing
Term
documenting peripheral venous catheter insertion
Definition
client's response, date and time inserted, type and size of device, type of dressing applied
Term
Excessive phyical activity can dislodge a
Definition
PICC
Term
Best Insertion site for a PICC for same day surger
Definition
cephalic vein of the FA or basilic vein allows movement without impairing intravenous flow
Term
IV catherter used for 1 to 4 weeks
Definition
Midline catheters
Term
IV cath expected to last months
Definition
PICC
Term
72 to 96 hour catheters
Definition
short peripheral cath
Term
Gauge of needle if undergoing surgery
Definition
18 gauge
Term
How often do you change intermittent IV sets
Definition
q24hrs
Term
Grade 1 phlebitis
Definition
erythema with or without pain
Term
Grade 2 phlebitis
Definition
pain at access with erythema and/or edema
Term
Grade 3 phlebitis
Definition
pain at access site with erythema and/or edema and streak formation
Term
Grade 4 phlebitis
Definition
pain at the access site with erythema and/or edema, streak formation, a palpable venous cord more than 1 inch long and purulent drainage.
Term
nurse comes into clients room for them pushing the call light what does nurse do next
Definition
checks the insertion site. patency is priority
Term
client is admitted to cardiothoracic surgerical intesive care after bypass. sedated, on a ventilator and has an arterial cath in right wrist what must nurse assess to ensure patency
Definition
capillary refill and pulse
Term
Intraosseous route should be used when
Definition
immdiate period of resuscitation and should not be used for more than 24 hours
Term
diabetic patients who take insulin on day of surgery should
Definition
be given a reduced dose of intermediate or long acting insulin based on bloood glucose levels or may be given regular insulin in divided doses on the day of surgery
Term
drugs commonly given before surgery
Definition
cardiac disease
Term
Patients that are allergic to Bananas are commonly allergic to
Definition
Latex
Term
colostomy is characterized as
Definition
palliative
Term
The perioperative client smokes a pack a day, nurses teaching priority is
Definition
Incentive spiromettry importance 0 for good lung hygiene by encourage deep breathing
Term
What are antiembolism stockings for
Definition
along with exercise, they will help promotte venous return which aid in preventing DVT
Term
what does aspirin do
Definition
anti inflammatory, reduce fever & pain, reduces platetet action and increases clotting time, risk for hemorrhage
Term
what method must be used to communicate the patient's allergy to sulfa medications
Definition
a red bracelet on pt's wrist and the medical record must be verified.
Term
drug for malignant hyperthermia
Definition
Danntrolene sodiuum - a skeletal muscle relaxant
Term
drug that is 75 to 125x more potent than morphine
Definition
Fentanyl - opioid analgesic
Term
acute, life threatening complication to certain drugs used for anesthesia clinical manestfisations include ttachyycaridia, dysrhythmias, muscle rigidity, Hypotension, tachypnea, skin mottling, cyanosis and myoglobinuria
Definition
Malignant Hyperthermia
Term
who is most likely person to administer blood products in an operating suite
Definition
circulating nurse
Term
registtered nurses who coordinate, oversee, and are involved in the cllients nursing care in the operating room
Definition
circulating nurse
Term
manages the cclient's care before surgery
Definition
holding nurse
Term
sets up the sterile field, drapes the client, and hand sterile supplies, sterile equipment and instruments tto the surgeon and the assistant
Definition
scrub nurse or tech
Term
during surgery who is most responsible for monitoring for possible breaks in sterile tech
Definition
Circulating nurse
Term
the unidentified pt from the ER require immediate surgery, but not conscious and no one is with him, what does nurse do to verify the informed consent
Definition
ensures written consultation of 2 non involved physicians 0
Term
most sensitive indication of Malignant HTN
Definition
unexpected rise in the end tidal CO2 level with a decreasee in Oxy saturation
Term
encourages clients to take deep slow breathes which facilitate the opening of terminal airways, mobilizing secretions, and preventing postoperative attelectasis
Definition
use of incentive spirometer
Term
Hep A is spread by
Definition
fecal contammination of food or water
Term
most common sx of hiatel hernia
Definition
heartburn aka pyrosis - results from reflux of gastric secretions into the esophagus.
Term
what is recommended to decrease the sx of dumping syndrome
Definition
avoid fluids with meals, high fowlers position
Term
post op - snoring sounds could indicate
Definition
respiratory depression
Term
A cllent with high risk of poor wound healinng
Definition
Diabetes and obesity
Term
how does nurse position the client with post op respiratory depression
Definition
side lying with the head in a neutral position
Term
Acurrate PFT - Pulmonary function test
Definition
no smoking 6 hrs before test
Term
indication of puulmonary edema
Definition
pink frothy sputum
Term
rust colored sputum
Definition
pneumoccal pneumonia
Term
popping discontinuous sounds caused by moving air into previous deflated airways
Definition
crackles
Term
loud rogh grating scratching breath sounds. caused by inflamed surfaces of pleura
Definition
pleural friction
Term
Increaseed anteroposterior diameter is normal with
Definition
aging
Term
method for Pack years
Definition
number of packs a day x the number of years smoked
Term
postcrochoscopy which intervention
Definition
NPO until gag reflees return
Term
client pulls out a 2 day old trach tube, what do first
Definition
1 assess the clients airwaay and breathing. if apneic, vent is required with resuscitation back.
2 ventilate
3 call Rapid Response Team
Term
how to you hyperoxygenate before trach care
Definition
preox with 100% O2 39 sec to 3 minutes to prevent hypoxemia. for 1 to 5 minutes or until the clients baseline heart rate and oxy sat are normal
Term
how long do you suction for trach care
Definition
10 to 15 seconds
Term
the peak pressure alarm is sounding on tthe ventilator of the clience with recent tracheostomy 0 what does nurse do first
Definition
assess the client
s respiratory status.
Term
the respirations of sedated client with new trach have become noiisy and vent alerms indicate high peak pressures, immediate action
Definition
suction the client
Term
indicator of posterior nasal bleeding and requires immediate action
Definition
excessive swallowing
Term
stridor with facial trauma indicates
Definition
airway obsttruction
Term
during sleep the muscles relax and the tongue and neck structures are displaced as a result the upper airway is obstructted even though chest wall movement is unimpaired. It increases blood CO2 levels and decreases PH. The blood gas changes stiumulate neural centers. The sleeper awakens after 19 sec or longer of apnea, corrects the obstruction and respiration resummes.
Definition
sleep apnea
Term
tips for decreaasing aspiration in trachs
Definition
maintain upright position 30 min after eating
dry swallow after each bite - clears residue
tuck in chin
Term
Oxygen adminstration for COPD
Definition
1 to 2 L min through nasal cannula
Term
COPD primary drive for breathing
Definition
a low arterial oxygen level
Term
bacterial agent spread from one CF pt to another
Definition
burkholderia cepacia
Term
directions for peak flow meters
Definition
make sure meter reaads 0 at base level to start
stand if able
take a deep breath
blow into meter as hard and fast as possible for 1 to 2 seconds
exhakle with his lips firmly around mouthpiece,
Term
aerosal or dry powder inhaler
Definition
remove the caps from inhaler and spacer. insert mouthpeice into the nonmouthpeice of the spacer. skake vigorously 4 to 5 times. place mouthpeice in mouth, over the tonge and seal with lips. press down firmly to release med into spacer, breathe in slowly and deeply. if spacer makes whistling sound it is too fast, remove mouth peice keep lips closed and hold for at least 10 sec then breathe out slowly,. wait at least 1 minute between puffs
Term
why - as a questtion to pt seems
Definition
accusatory
Term
most common complication of COPD
Definition
pneumonia
Term
what position allows for increased movement of abd
Definition
lie on back, suppine
Term
first linen of maintenance for asthma to prevent symptoms between exacerbations
Definition
inhaled corticosteroids
Term
nurse has been teaching improved airflow techniques to pt who has continued to have restrictive breathing problems which is best indicator of success
Definition
SpO2 maintaining a baseline during activity
Term
Green zone readings for peak flow test
Definition
80% or above
yellow zone is 50 to 80% = use rescue drugs
Red zone is below 50% = emergency help
Term
prevention of ventalator associated pneumonia
Definition
changing the ven circuit q48 hrs, continuous removal of subglottic secretions, elevating HOB 30 to 45 degrees, handwashingn before annd after contact with each client,
Term
TB no longer infectious when
Definition
3 negative sputum cultures
Term
client is in ventricular tachycardia what first
Definition
assess the carotid pulse
assigng would be done after checking ABC, LOC, and O2 to see if stable or unstable. if a pulse present, it is sttable and synchronized cardioversion is recommended
Term
clients at risk for bradydyshythmias shouuld avoid bearing down or straining
Definition
use a stool softener
Term
to reduce preload
Definition
weight loss,
Term
pt admitted with SOB and intermittent chest pain, a cardiac cath shows inadequate relaxation of the LV during diastole and the ejection fraction is 48% what type heart failure
Definition
diastolic heart failure -
Term
Low out put states of heart
Definition
left and right side failure
Term
Green zone readings for peak flow test
Definition
80% or above
yellow zone is 50 to 80% = use rescue drugs
Red zone is below 50% = emergency help
Term
prevention of ventalator associated pneumonia
Definition
changing the ven circuit q48 hrs, continuous removal of subglottic secretions, elevating HOB 30 to 45 degrees, handwashingn before annd after contact with each client,
Term
TB no longer infectious when
Definition
3 negative sputum cultures
Term
client is in ventricular tachycardia what first
Definition
assess the carotid pulse
assigng would be done after checking ABC, LOC, and O2 to see if stable or unstable. if a pulse present, it is sttable and synchronized cardioversion is recommended
Term
clients at risk for bradydyshythmias shouuld avoid bearing down or straining
Definition
use a stool softener
Term
to reduce preload
Definition
weight loss,
Term
pt admitted with SOB and intermittent chest pain, a cardiac cath shows inadequate relaxation of the LV during diastole and the ejection fraction is 48% what type heart failure
Definition
diastolic heart failure -
Term
Low out put states of heart
Definition
left and right side failure
Term
decreased tissue perfusion from poor CO and pulmonary congestion from increase3d pressure in pulmonary vessels indicate
Definition
LVF
Term
systolic ventrical dysfunction results when
Definition
heart unable to contract forcefully enough during systole to eject adequate amts of blood into circulation. Preload with decreaseed contractillity and afterload inncreasees as a result of peripheral resistance
Term
High Output failure
Definition
can occur when CO remains normal or above normal
Term
Nursing Dx for heart failure
Definition
excess fluid volume r/t compromised reg mechanism
impaired phy mobility related to limited cardiovascular endurance
impaired Gas exchange related to ventilation perfusion imbal
potential for pulmonary edema
Term
important consideration for human B type natriuetic peptide (hBNP) such as nesiritide (Natrecor) for acute heart failure
Definition
careful monitor blood pressure 0 use a separate infusion line because they are not compatible with heparin and most other parenteral meds.
Term
therapeutic digoxin levels
Definition
0.5 to 0.8
Term
exhibiting signs of pulmonary edema as a result of CHF
Definition
administer high flow at 5 to 6 by face mase to maintain Sp > 90%
Term
CHF instructions
Definition
a cough is indicative
measure I and O
posittioning is important
weight is an important factior
Term
symptoms of MVP
Definition
asymptomatic, chesst pain, palpitations, exercise intolerance. Atypical chestt pain is usually sharp pain located on Left sidde
Term
Principal concerns for clients with aortic insufficiency are
Definition
exteertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and pparoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Term
Aortic regurgitation
Definition
the aortic valve leaflets to not close properly during diastole and the valve ring may be dillated loose or deformed allows regurgiation of blood from aorta back to LV during diastole
Term
the chordae tendinea contract and shorten in
Definition
mitral stenosis
Term
Sx of endocarditis instead of pericarditis or rheumatic carditis
Definition
splinter hemorrhages
Term
Sx is friction rub in Left lower sternal border
Definition
chronic constrictive pericarditis
Term
pain aggrivated by breathing coughing and swallowing
Definition
chronic connstrictive pericarditis
Term
thickening of endocardium
Definition
indicative of rheuumatic carditis
Term
c of Orthostatic hypertension is an expected side effect after surgery b
Definition
heart denervation
Term
HTN directives
Definition
eleminate or reduce sodiuum
loose wt
no smoking
take meds
Term
immobilization is a risk for
Definition
Thromboemoblism
Term
behaviorals that prevent vascular disease
Definition
stop smoking
stretching q30 while working at a computer
low fat diet
Term
arteriosclerosis happens
Definition
when platelets aggregate and then group of blood lipids accumulate
Term
normal cholesterol levels
Definition
HDL >40
LDL < 100
cholesterol <200
triglycericdess <135
Term
diett to prevent artherosclerosis
Definition
enriched or fortified cereals that contain 100% of folic acid, vit B6 (pyridoxine(, and cyanocobalamin (vit B12)
Term
secondary HTN can be related to coarctation of aortave
Definition
Term
verapamil (Isoptin)
Definition
dont drink grapefruit
Term
sign of DVT
Definition
shortness of breath and chest pain
Term
warfarin - Coumadin
Definition
shouldnt eat green leafy veggies
Term
S & S OF compartment syndrome
Definition
pallor, pain, poikilothermia, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralyysis
Term
what foods have vit B12
Definition
dairy
Term
thrombocytopenia should use
Definition
electric razors and soft bristle brushes
Term
the client with neutropenias first sign of infection
Definition
wheezes or crackles
Term
the client has neutropenia with infection what should do first
Definition
obtain a culture to identify infectious agents correctly is priority
Term
drugs that reduce the afterload
Definition
ACE Inhibitors- relax vassoconstriction - reduce afterload and b/p
ARB Inhibitors
Human B Naturetic Peptides - dialate the tissues
Term
side effects of ACE ihibitors
Definition
orthostatic hypotension and dry hacking courgh
Term
amount of bllood coming into the heart
Definition
preload
Term
what interventions are for reducing preload
Definition
low salt less than 5 g
fluid restrict
diuretics
nitrates
Term
hypokalemia does what tto dig
Definition
increases dig toxicity
Term
when do you contact dr for heart problems
Definition
weight gain - 1 to 2 lbs overnight
reduced exercise tolerance
cough from CHF especially at night
incrreased edema
Term
thickening hard wall
Definition
arteriosclerosis composed of fat and platelets, calcification hemorrhage ulceration partially or completely occluded blood flow
Term
occlusion or rupture of arteriosclerosis
Definition
stroke
Term
a vibrating pulse that you feel that reflects narrowing of arteries
Definition
bruit
Term
total cholesterol should beq
Definition
< 200
Term
total LDL bad cholesterol
Definition
<100
Term
total HDL
Definition
>40
Term
breathing disorder that is over expansion of alveoli - cant push out all the air
Definition
ephemsema
Term
Secondary Administration Intermittent infusion sets should be changed
Definition
72 hours
Term
Potassium levels
Definition
3.5 to 5
Term
What does potassium do
Definition
maintains the action potential in cardiac tissues
maintains glucose storage
protein synthesis
Term
Non potassium wasting dieuretic
Definition
aldactone
Term
how do corticosteroids effect elecrrolytes
Definition
sodium retention and potassium excretion
Term
how does the buffers work in ph
Definition
chemical instant
reespiratoryy within minutes
kidnes within 24 hours
Term
causes of metabolic acidosis
Definition
renal impairment - reductioned production of bicard ions
liver failure
diarrhea overelimation of HCO3
Term
respiratory acidosis
Definition
impaired gas function
CO2 rention
cerebral edema
brain tumors strokes overhydration
inadequate chest expansion
morbid obesity
Term
treatment for metabolic acidosis
Definition
hydrate
Term
respiratory acidosis
Definition
PATENT AIRWAY
Term
Drug therapy for patent airway
Definition
bronchodialaters relax small muscles increase
proventil albupent theodur
Term
normal PaO2
Definition
80 to 100 mmHg
Term
movement of a substance across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient
Definition
Active Transport
Term
Hyypernatremia biggest risk
Definition
seizures
Term
Hypercalcemia biggest risks
Definition
DVT and clots
Term
Hypomagnesium
Definition
diarrhea
Term
gradient
Definition
disequilibrium graded difference for hydrostatic pressure
Term
example of hydrostatic filtering force
Definition
blood pressure
Term
free movement of particles solute across a permeable membrane from an area of increaased conncentration to an area of lower concentration
Definition
diffusion
Term
movement of water only thru a slectively permeable membrane
Definition
osmosis
Term
body fuctions best at
Definition
300 mOm aka isotonic
Term
hyperosmotic/hypertonice
Definition
greater tthan 300 mOm
pulls water from the isotonic fluuid space
Term
Hyperosmotic IV solutions
Definition
2% NS -
Term
Hypo osmotice Hypotonic
Definition
less than 279
Term
dehydraton is a condition of
Definition
hypertonic
Term
hormone secreted by adrenal cortex whenever sodium level in ECF is decreased and it prevents sodium and water loss
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
How does Aldosterone work
Definition
acts on kidneys nephrons triggers reabsorption of sodium and water from urine back into blood. It increases osmolarity and blood volume
Term
how does ADH workq
Definition
acts on kidney tubules and collecting ducts by making them more permebable to water. more water reabsorbed and returned to blood. it decreases blood osmolarity by diluting it.
Term
what are natriuuetic peptides
Definition
hormones special cells in atrina lining activated by increased blood volume and blood pressure which stretch heart tissue. it binds to sites in nephron = kidney reabsorption sodium inhibited glomerular filtration increased more urine output, reduced circulating blood volume rreduced blood osmolarity
Term
what is isotonic dehydration
Definition
water and electrolyte loss most common dehyration
Term
what does Gordon's functional heaalth patterns assess
Definition
fluid status
Term
1 L of water equals
Definition
2.2 lbs or 1 kg
Term
dehydration causes
Definition
increased heart rate, reduce pulse pressure, reduced systolic pressure, orthostatic hypotension, confusion, low grade temp, q
Term
Dehydration most important to monitor
Definition
Pulse rate and quality and Urine Output
Term
fluid overload S & S
Definition
bounding pulse
increased neck vein distention
crackles in lungs
increased peripheral edema
decreased urine output
Term
fluid overload precautions
Definition
risk for skin breakdown
Term
sodium levels
Definition
135 to 145
Term
ECF Na+ decides
Definition
whether water is retained, excreted or moved from one fluid space to another
Term
Sodium intake daily
Definition
6 to 13 g/day
Term
decreased sodium effects what hormones and how
Definition
inhibit ADH and NP secretion and trigger aldostrone secretion. increases sodium and ehancing kidney loss of H20
Term
efffectss of hyponatremia
Definition
causes reduced excitable depolarization and cellular swelling,
Term
causes of hyponatremia
Definition
prolonged use and overuse of diuretics, loss of total body sodium, dilution of sodium from excessive water in plasma
Term
S & S of Hyponatremia
Definition
hypovolemkia reduced b/p
bounding puse
Term
solution for Hypernatremia
Definition
0.22% or 0.45% NaCl
Term
Hyperkalemia interventions
Definition
monitor heaart
Risk for Falls
Term
Hypercalcemia can cause
Definition
elevated hr and b/p
cyanosis
pallor
rreduced QT interval
bloodclots in lower legs and pelvic
weakness
reduced deep tendon reflexes
reduced peristalisis
constipation
Term
valvular diseass
Definition
reduced cardiac output
Term
GERD N Dx
Definition
acute pain
deficient know
anxiety
Term
GERD education
Definition
eat small meeals
no spicy
no caffeine
stop eat 3 hrs before bed
raise HOB
Term
PUD Peptic Ulcer Disease
Definition
Acute pain
imbal nutrition
deficient knowledge
risk for injury

S & S belching bloated epi pain
Term
oliguria has what type of labs
Definition
elevated BUN and creatinine
Term
signs of hypomagnesium
Definition
hyper deep tendon reflexes, numbness, tingling, painful muscle contractions, positive chovsteks and trousseaus,
Term
HCTZ holds on to what electrolyte
Definition
calcium but gets rid of Sodium and Potassium
Term
what can cause hypercalcemia >10.5
Definition
hyypercalcemia
corticosteroiid, lithium
Term
diuretic that increassses water excretion but keeps sodium
Definition
osmotic diuretics such as mannitol Osmitrol, conivaptan Vaprisolq
Term
causes of metabolic acidosis
Definition
ketoacidosis
exercising
fever
hypoxia
excessive drinking
excessive aspirin
renal failure
Supporting users have an ad free experience!