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med-surg
final
52
Medical
Undergraduate 1
05/21/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Is a permanent contracture (with clawhand, flexion of wrist & fingers & atrophy of the forearm) that can occur as a result of compartment syndrome?
Definition
Volkmann's Contracture
Term

An incomplete fracture which the fracture line extends only partially through the bone. Bone is broken & bent but still attached at one side.

Most common in children

Definition
Greenstick fracture
Term
What are some nursing interventions for hip fractures & post-arthroplasty?
Definition

Keep the pt abducted

Check VS

Check the suture line for skin edges & intact sutures Q8H

Check drainage tubes for amount, color, Q4H

Accurate I & O

Use incentive spirometer

Turning pt

TED's

Anticoagulation meds for clots

 

 

Term
When you move an extremity away from the midline of the body?
Definition
Abduction
Term
What maintains the pt hip in abduction position following a surgery to prevent dislocation?
Definition
Abduction pillow
Term
When you move an extremity toward the axis of the body it is?
Definition
Adduction
Term
The muscle on the front of the chest wall is?
Definition
Pectoris
Term
The muscle that covers the shoulder?
Definition
Deltoid
Term
The muscle that connects the head to the shoulders is ?
Definition
Trapezius
Term
What detects pathological abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord?
Definition
MRI
Term
What tool do you use to check for interocular pressure?
Definition
Tonometer (glaucoma)
Term
What is a pathological condition the is caused by the progressive development of arterial vessel compression & reduced blood supply to an extremity?
Definition
Compartment Syndrome
Term
What are bony deposits that are formed between & around the broken ends of a fractured bone during healing called?
Definition
Callus formation of bone
Term
When you have an extremity amputated and you feel pain in that extremity, what is that called?
Definition

Phantom Pain

the nerve ending are still registering pain

Term
What is it called when you check for circulation specifically arterial circulation? 
Definition
Capillary Refill of Blanching Test
Term
The embolism of tissue fat with platelets & circulating free fatty acids within the pulmonary veins is called what?
Definition

Fat embolism

 

If one is suspected you need to start O2

Term
What is a temporary measure to provide support and comfort to a fractured extremity until a more difinite treatment is initiated called?
Definition
Bucks traction
Term
It is a wooden or steel attachment to the hospital bed and has adjustable pulleys & a trapeze bar attached to an overhead bar is what?
Definition
Balkin Frame
Term
What is Heparin/Warfarin (Coumadin)?
Definition
Blood thinner
Term
What is a metabolic disease resulting from an accumulation of uric acid in the blood. Its an acute inflammatory condition associated with ineffective metabolism of purines. It usually effects the big toe?
Definition
Gouty Arthritis
Term
What is generalized or local infection of bone & bone marrow & can occur from bacteria introduced through tramua?
Definition
Osteomylitis
Term
What is the lateral curvature of the spine?
Definition
Scoliosis
Term
An increased in the curve at the lumbar region is?
Definition
Lordosis
Term
A rounding of the thorasic spine. The hump back look?
Definition
Kyphosis
Term
The vertebrae are fused with loss of mobility, producing a rigid gait or "poker spine" appearence?
Definition
Spondylitis
Term
What is the most serious form of arthritis & leads to severe crippling. Its chronic, systemic disease?
Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Term
What is the degeneration of cartilage from wear and tear; bone spurs formation, often only  one side is effected with changes noted in hands, spine, knees and hips.
Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term
What is the treatment for Osteoporosis?
Definition

Ca supplements

Weight bearing exercise programs

estrogen, fosamax

administer alendronate 1st thing in the AM with 6-8 oz H2Oat least 30 mins before other meds or foods

1500 cal diet

Term
How would you care for a blind pt?
Definition

Talk in a normal voice

Introduce yourself with each contact

Explain any activity occuring in the room

Announce when you are leaving the room so the blind person wont talk to someone not there 

Term
What is also called Acute Inflammation polyradiculopathy. Its a result in widespread inflammation and demylination of the peripheal nervous system?
Definition
Gullain-Barre Syndrome
Term
What are some prevention measures of West Nile Virus?
Definition

Limit outdoor activites between dusk and dawn

Place mosquito netting over infant carriers

Keep pools (etc) properly chlorinated

Turn plastic wadding pools over

Change H2O in birdbaths once in a week

Drill holes in the bottom of recycling barrells

Term
It is often performed as part of the diagnostic workup of the pt who may have a neurological problem?
Definition
Lumbar puncture
Term

Pt is usually positioned on the side with the knee and head flexed at an acute angle. They get a local anesthetic and then the doctor inserts the needle below the level of the spinal cord, at

L4-L5.

Definition
Lumbar puncture
Term
It is applied directly to a bone. Wires and surgical pins are inserted through the bone distal to the fracture site while the pt is under local or general anesthesia. Weights are attached to a rope that is tied to a spreader bar for the purpose of traction. Used for fractures of femur, tibia, humerous, andcervical spine?
Definition
Sketal traction
Term
What are the early signs of ICP?
Definition
headache, nausea, vomiting, ocular palsies, altered level of consciousness, back pain, papilledma
Term
What are the late signs of ICP?
Definition
Irregular respirations, Cheyne- Strokes, pupillary dialation,Cushings triad (increase systolic B/P & a wide pulse pressure) & bradycardia
Term
The sensation pertaining to spatial-position & muscular-activity stimuli originating from within the body or to the sensory receptors that those stimuli activate?
Definition
Proprioception
Term
Pre-Myelogram assessment (for herniated vertebral disk)
Definition
Before the procedure the pt baselines of lower-extremity strength is noted, pt is informed the procedure takes 2 hrs and told there might be slight discomfort as the dura is entered & that the pt may be asked to assume a variety of postions during the procedures
Term
When a pt has postical signs, that would be what?
Definition

Pt will feel groggy & act disoriented after a seizure.

Pt will complain of headache & muscle aches

Will sleep after the seizure

May experience amnesia for the event

Term
Is a totoal or partial loss of the ability to recognize familiar objects or people through sensory stimuli as a result of organic brain damage is called what?
Definition
Agnosia
Term
What does the Glasgow Coma consist of?
Definition

An assessment of neurological

1. Eye

2. Best motor response

3. Best verbal response 

Term
What occurs as a result of aabnormal cardiovascular response to stimulation of the  sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? 
Definition
Autonomic Dysreflexia
Term
Care of pt w/ a head injury?
Definition
Let it drain freely. Never pack anything in the nose or ears. maintain airway, and ensure adequate oxygen , check ABG frequently
Term
Causation of Multiple Sclerosis is what?
Definition
The cause is unknown, gentics may be implicated, increase rate among relatives
Term
What are signs and syptoms of Parkinson's Disease?
Definition

BEGINNING

Mild tremors

handwriting changes

slight limp

decreased arm swing

LATER

shuffling

propulsive gait with arms flexed

Loss of postural reflexes

Term
What are some symptoms of cataracts?
Definition

blurred vision

diplopia

photo sensitivity

glare

abnormal color perception

difficulty in driving at night

Term
What are some seizure precautions?
Definition

Never leave pt alone

 move the pt away from furniture & equipment

support & protect the head

do not restrain the pt

do not try to pry open the mouth

use padded siderails

 

Term
What is the difference in open-angle & closed-angle glaucoma?
Definition

Open-angle-

the outflow of aqueous humor is decreased in the trabecular meshwork

 

Closed-angle

abrupt angle change of the iris causing rapid vision loss & dramatic symptoms

Term
What is PERRLA?
Definition

P-pupils

E- equal

R-round

R- reactive

L- to light

A- accommodation

The rate & size of constriction should be equal

Term
What is post-tympanoplasty care?
Definition

bed restuntil the next day

head of the bed elavated 40 degree

the operative side faces upward

check presence of bleeding, the amount, color, & consistancy of drainage

temp

complaints of vertigo

Term
What connect the midbrain to the medulla oblongata. Its the origin of cranial nerves V-VIII. Its composed of mylinated nerve fibers & is responsible for sending impulses to the structures that are inferior & superior to it?
Definition
Pons "bridge"
Term
What conducts impulses from the throat, larynx & organs in the thorasic & abdominal cavities The function is sensation of throat, larynx & thorasic & abdominal organs. Swallowing, voice production, slowing down the heartbeat?
Definition
Vagus Nerve
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