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Med/Surg nursing
Respiratory system
76
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2008

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Cards

Term

What is epistaxis?

Definition
  • nose bleed
  • rupture of small capillaries in the nose
  • shouldnt bleed for over 30 min.(danger)
Term
causes of epistaxis
Definition
  • trauma
  • dry air
  • hypertension
  • over anti-coagulation
Term

Teaching for epistaxis

Definition
  • Pressure
  • ice
  • Dont tip head back
  • Extreme cases:
    • cautery
    • topical cocaine
    • packing
Term

what kind of sounds would you hear over a lung abcess?

Definition
  • Abcent, dull
Term

What is COPD

Definition
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Any combo of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema.
  • Over time>destroys alveolar walls&capillary beds
Term

COPD

Emphysema IS?

Definition
  • Most common common in copd
  • Occurs frequently in men40-45 years
  • takes 20-30 yrs. to develop
Term
causes of emphysema
Definition
  • Smokin most frequent
  • second hand smoke
  • air pollution
  • chronic infection
  • allergies
Term
S/S of emphysema
Definition
  • progressive
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • chronic cough producing purulent sputum
  • SOB at rest
Term
What is emphysema
Definition
  • Barrel shaped chest>aveoli hyper inflated
  • prolonged expiration
  • hypercapnia
  • become thin & frail cuz of inability to maintain 02 levels while eating
Term

Hypercapnia

Definition
  • cellular respiration inpaired, blood levels of O2 decrease/CO2 increases
Term

02 for emphysema patients

Definition
  • no gr8r than 2L
  • If higher-can cause respiratory arrest
Term

COPD

chronic bronchitis

Definition
  • Persistence of chronic cough w/excessive production of mucus for at least 3 months of 2 consecutive years.
Term

COPD

Chronic bronchitis characteristics

Definition
  • hypersecretion of mucous by bronchial glands
  • recurrent/chronic respiratory tract infection
Term
what are Cilia & what they do
Definition
  • Projection  linining in throat and nose
  • prople secretions and debri upward and out
Term

What is stridor

Definition
  • high-pitched, harsh sounds during respiration
  • indicate airway obstruction
Term

what makes the lungs inflate?

Definition
  • as we inspirate the  diaphragm pulls down, the intercostal muscles push out
  • Co2 triggers it
Term
Acute bhronchitis
Definition
  • Inflammation of mucous membranes that line the mayjor bronchi & branches
  • Frequently starts as URI
  • may involve trachea
Term
S/S of acute bronchitis
Definition
  • Fever
  • malaise
  • Dry non-productive cough leads to cough producing mucopurulent sputum
  • frequent coughing attacks w/weezing
  • moist inspiratory crackles heard
Term
If symptoms persist in acute bronchitis :
Definition
secondary bacterial infection may be the cause
Term
Nursing interventions in acute bronchitis
Definition
  • Monitor breath sounds /temp
  • Deep breath/cough
  • humidify air
  • encourage fluids
  • medicate for fever/pain
Term

Complications of acute bronchitis?

Definition
cna cause pneumonea????
Term

whats the precise path of 02 around the lungs

Definition
  • De-O2 blood leaves R ventricle via pulmonary artery>goes to pulmonary capallaries surrounding alveoli>exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen across semipermeable membrane>oxygenated blood  returns to L atrium via pulmonary vein>oxygenated blood moves throughout the body.
Term
Respiration
Definition
  • actual respiration occurs at cellular level where O2 &CO2 are exchanged.
  • O2 is used for glucose metabolism at the cellular level.
Term

How to collect a sputum specimen

Definition
  • Early morning before breakfast
  • No mouthwash
  • sputum not spit
Term
What is ARDS?
Definition
  • Adult respiratory distress syndrome
  • Complication that follows other desease process:
    • chest trauma
    • shock
    • drug over dose
    • pancreatitis
    • infections
Term
What happens in the lungs in ARDS?
Definition
  • Sever hypoxemia& progressive loss of lung complience
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
  • Collapse of alveoli leading to collapse of lung
  • may involve small portion of lung or whole lobe
Term
Diagnosis of atelectasis determined by:
Definition
  • Decreased breath sounds
  • increasing level of resp.distress
  • CXR reveals dense shadows
Term
Atelectasis occurs secondary to:
Definition
  • Aspiration
  • mucus plug
  • fluid/air in thoracic cavity
  • compression of tissue from tumor/enlarged heart
Term
Treatment of atelectasis
Definition
  • aggressive pulmonary hygeine
  • TCDB
  • bronchodialaters
  • humidification
  • supplementary O2
  • pulmonary drainage
  • Clapping
  • incentive sperometer
Term
Pleurisy
Definition
  • Acute inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleura
  • 2 types
Term
dry pleurisy
Definition
  • Develops from URI, TB, CA, or collagen disease
  • inflammation of pleural membranes
  • Knife like chest pain on inspiration
  • pleural friction rub
Term
How to treat dry pleurisy
Definition
  • Treat underlying cause
  • analgesia
  • splint affected side with coughing
Term
Wet pleurisy
Definition
  • Accumulation of fluid between pleural layers
Term
causes of wet pleurisy
Definition
  • TB
  • cardiac/renal disease
  • pneumonia
  • CA(50% develop)
Term
Symptoms of wet pleurisy
Definition
  • Dyspnea
  • coughing
  • chest pain
  • fatigue
  • sharp pain on inspiration
Term
Treatment for wet pleurisy
Definition
  • same as dry pleurisy
  • relieve SOB
  • chest tube in need 2 drain fluid
Term

what do chest tubes do?

Definition
  • Re-expand lung after it has collapsed
  • draing accumulation of fluid/air from pleural cavity
Term

Chest tubes can be used for:

Definition
  • pnemothorax_air in pleural space
  • Hemothorax-Blood in pleural space
Term
Care involved for chest tubes
Definition
  • prevent kinks\
  • make sure there is patency
  • document amount and color of drainage
  • teach coughing and deep breathing
  • ???
Term
Normal O2 value
Definition
95%
Term
TLC
Definition
  • Total lung capacity
  • total volume of air that lungs contain when fully inflated
Term
VC
Definition
  • Vital capacity
  • volume of air a person can exhale
Term
TV
Definition
  • Tidal volume
  • total volume of air expired during normal breathing
Term
RV
Definition
  • Residual volume
  • amount of air remaining in lungs after expiration
Term
What is Infulenza
Definition
  • Acute resp. disease of short duration
  • caused by several/distinct viruses
  • strains: A,B,C
  • transmitted through resp. tract
Term
What are symptoms of inluenza
Definition
  • fever,chills
  • severe headache
  • muscle aches
  • anorexia
  • weakness,apathy,malaise
  • sneezing
  • sore throat
  • dry cough
  • nasal discharge conjunctival irratation
Term
How to prevent influenza
Definition
  • annual vaccination
Term
S/S of lower airway and lung cancer
Definition
  • Mucopurulent possibly blood streaked sputum
  • fatigue, anorexia, weight loss:later
  • dyspnea chest pain:advanced
Term

S/S of upper airway cancer

Definition
  • lesion, lump, abnormality
  • detected often at dentist
  • later: pain bleeding
Term
Thoracentesis
Definition
  • Aspiration of excess fluid/air from pleural space
  • outpatient procedure
Term
Nursing role in thoracentesis
Definition
  • have signed inforemed consent
  • explain procedure
  • asst. into position
  • tell not to move for procedure,no coughing/DB
  • monitor VS during
  • pos. on uneffected side after done for @ least 1 hour>remain on bedrest for several hours
  • record amount, color, characteristics of fluid removed.
  • monitor respiratory function
Term

sequela

Definition
  • condition following as consequence of disease
Term
Emergency action for choking
Definition
  • Heimlich manuavar
Term
Empyema
Definition
  • Collection of pus in pleural space
Term
purulent
Definition
with pus
Term

PPD

Definition
Purified protien derivative of tuberculin
Term
how to give PPD
Definition
  • give intracutaneously
  • 0.1 mL
Term
teaching for tonsiellctomy
Definition
  • report bleeding(esp w/in 1st 12-14 hrs.)
  • gently gargle with warm saline or alkaline mouth wash
  • maintain liquid/very soft diet 4 several days
  • avoid spicy &rough textured foods
  • avoid milk & its products
Term
sleep apnea
Definition
  • frequent,brief episodes of respiratory standstill during sleep
Term
S/S of sleep apnea
Definition
  • restless sleep
  • loud/heavy snoring may B inturrupted by silence/gasps
  • excessive daytime sleepiness
  • morning headaches
  • loss of energy
  • trouble concentrating
  • irratability
  • forgetfullness
  • mood/behavior changes
  • decreased interest in sex
  • systemic hypertension
  • dysrythmias
  • enuresis
Term
what is pulmonary hypertension?
Definition
  • high pressure within pulmonary circulation
  • from resistance to blood flow in pulmonary circulation
Term
S/S of pulmonary hypertension
Definition
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • weakness
  • chest pain
  • fatigue
  • distended neck veins
  • orhopnea
  • peripheral edema
Term
What is Pulmonary edema?
Definition
  • Fluid accumulation in the lungs
  • interferes with gas exchange in the alveoli
Term
S/S of pulmonary Edema
Definition
  • dyspnea
  • orthopnea
  • restlessness,
  • cough(pinl frothy sputum)
  • cynosis                       (DORCCWRST)
  • wheezing
  • respirations moist/gurguling
  • severe apprehension
  • tachy cardiac
Term
Teaching for laryngectomy
Definition
  • Dont let H20 enter the stoma-it will flow 2 lungs
    • avoid swimming,showers
    • take care with bathing(use hand held)
  • wear scarf or gauze dressing over stoma so less obvious
  • avoid fabrics or dressings that fray
Term
How to avoid aspiration for patient with tonsilectomy?
Definition

liquid/soft diet

Term
post op instructions for someone with sinus surgery
Definition
  • observe for repeated swalling(hemorrhage)
  • assess visual acuity(damaged optic nerve)
  • monitor temp q4h
  • assess for pain over area(infection)
  • admn. analgesics
  • apply compresses to invoved sinuses(pain/edema)
  • oral hygene/ice chips(mouth breathing)
  • change drip pads prn/assess drainage
  • teach not to blow nose,not lift gr8r tan 5 lbs,
  • "      ' stay in warm enviro. & avoid smoking
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
  • exaggerated curve of thoracic spine
Term
Scoliosis
Definition
  • lateral S- shaped curvature of the thoracic/lumbar spine
Term
barrel chest
Definition
  • chest diameter increased and rounded
  • ribs horizontal
Term
funnel chest
Definition
  • also pectus excavatum
  • sternum depressed from 2nd intercostal space
Term
pigeon chest
Definition
  • also pectus carinatum
  • sternum abnormally protrudes
  • ribs are sloped backward
Term
Nursing diagnoses: respiratory
Definition
  • Airway clearance;ineffective
  • aspiration,risk for
  • breathing pattern,ineffective
  • gas exchange,impaired
  • ventilation,impaired spontaneous
  • ventilatory weaning response,dysfunctional
Term
pertussis
Definition
  • Acute infectios inflammation of Larynx,trachea,bronchi
Term
characteristics of pertussis
Definition
  • recurrent bouts of spasmodic coughing>continues til breath is exhausted
  • ending in inspiratory stridor
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