Term
What are the Normal values of ABG's
pH
PaCO2
HCO3
|
|
Definition
pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45
HCO3 22-26
|
|
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Term
During Oxygenation Failure what are the levels in PaO2:
norm?
mild?
moderate?
severe? |
|
Definition
Normal = >80
Mild = 60-80
Moderate = 40-60
Severe = <40 |
|
|
Term
What is the PaO2/FiO2 ratio? |
|
Definition
The difference between how much O2 the pt is given and how much is in their blood |
|
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Term
What is the Normal PaO2/Fio2 ratio?
For ALI?
For ARDS? |
|
Definition
Normal = > 350
ALI = < 300
ARDS = < 200 |
|
|
Term
What are the 3 mechanisms to maintain acid-base balances? |
|
Definition
Buffering, Respiratory, and Metabolic |
|
|
Term
The buffer system of the kidneys includes what body fluid buffers (4) to quickly respond to any change in pH? |
|
Definition
bicarbonate buffer,
intracellular phosphate buffer,
plasma proteins,
and
hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
This buffer system is the rapid response compensatory mechanism for metabolic acid base disturbances: |
|
Definition
What is
respiratory compensation |
|
|
Term
What are the two ways in which lungs compensate? |
|
Definition
Alveolar hypoventilation=in response to metabolic alkalosis
Alveolar hyperventilation=in response to metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
slow shallow breathing, retains C02 which is which respiratory compensation? |
|
Definition
Hypoventilation
Pt is in a alcolotic state hypoventilation helps turn ph towards-acidic
|
|
|
Term
Rapid and/or deep beathing, blows off CO2, causing what respiratory compensation? |
|
Definition
Hyperventilation
Pt is in a acidotic state hyperventilation helps trun the pH towards-alkalotic |
|
|
Term
ph decreased 7.30
PaCO2 increased 48
HCO3 24
This indicates __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the values for Respiratory Alkalosis? |
|
Definition
pH increased > 7.45
PaCO2 decreased < 35 mm Hg
HCO3 normal or decreased |
|
|
Term
This is __________
pH 7.49
PaCO2 40
HCO3 32
BE 3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the values for Metabolic Acidosis?
pH
PaCO2
HCO3
BE |
|
Definition
pH decreased < 7.35
PaCO2 normal or decreased
HCO3 decreased < 22
BE < -2 |
|
|
Term
What does BE stand for?
What are the normal ranges? |
|
Definition
Base Excess-indicates excess or insufficient levels of bicarbonate in the system
-2 to +2 |
|
|
Term
How do we evaluate the client's
oxygenation status?
(3 ways) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the Normal values of
PaO2
SaO2
Hgb (Male and Female) |
|
Definition
PaO2 80-100 mmHg
SaO2 95%-100%
Hgb Male 14-17
Female 12-15 |
|
|
Term
What is the clinical criterial for determining the need for mechanical ventilator support?
S/S |
|
Definition
*Apnea or hypopnea
*Respiratory distress with altered mentation
*Clinically apparent increasing work of breathing unrelieved by other interventions
*obtundation and need for airway protection |
|
|
Term
Blood Gases Criteria for Mechanical Ventilation
PaO2 <
PaCO2 >
Vital Capacity <
|
|
Definition
PaO2 below <50 mm Hg
PaCO2 above >50
Vital Capacity below <15 |
|
|
Term
Lab Criteria for Mechanical Ventilation
pH <
Negative inspiratory force <
FEV1 <
RR < |
|
Definition
pH below < 7.3
Negative inspiratory force below < 20 cm H2O
FEV1 below< 10 mL/kg
RR above > 35 bpm |
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