Term
| 1 unit of insulin per hour is equal to how many mLs per hour? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt. is on an insulin drip and becomes hypoglycemic, what is the first nursing action? |
|
Definition
| Turn off the drip!!! (If you don't, the pt could go into a hypoglycemic coma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Insulin dependent (cells don't produce insulin) |
|
|
Term
| How long does the pt need to fast before FPG test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only thing a pt can have before an FPG test? |
|
Definition
| Coffee with nothing added |
|
|
Term
| What is the only thing a pt can have before an FPG test? |
|
Definition
| Coffee with nothing added |
|
|
Term
| Pre-diabetic pts should eat what kind of diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you prevent complications from diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insulin therapy is the primary tx for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metformin is the primary med therapy for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 unit of insulin is equal to how many carbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nutritive sweeteners have what side effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exercise has what effect on blood sugar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 diabetics need to do what when planning to exercise? |
|
Definition
| eat before, after, and later |
|
|
Term
| Blood sugar needs to be monitored when if a type 1 diabetic is going to exercise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: insulin must be double checked by another RN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NPH converts regular insulin to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| backs of the arms, thighs, glutes, abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| too much sugar, not enough insulin, body is breaking down fat and protein. losing ALOT of fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does a pt. with DKA become acidodic? |
|
Definition
| bc they are trying to convert protein into sugar |
|
|
Term
| Why would a pt. with DKA who is acidodic have kussmaul respirations? |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul respirations are very shallow and use accessory muscles. The pt has these bc they are trying very hard to clow out all the CO2 which is acidic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rehydration, electrolyte replacement, maybe insulin |
|
|
Term
| Leaking albumin, or high serum albumin indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Albumin is leaking but BUN/Creatinine are within normal range what does this mean? |
|
Definition
| there is kidney damage, but there is enough functional kidney to clean the blood |
|
|
Term
| Why are diabetic pts a fall risk? |
|
Definition
| neuropathy, pt cannot feel their feet, also retinopathy causing vision changes |
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid would you hang for a pt with DKA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a pt. with DKA get potassium? |
|
Definition
| The potassium is stuck inside the cells and cannot get out into the vasculate. so pt. has low potassium. |
|
|
Term
| Why might a pt with DKA be on cardiac tele? |
|
Definition
| They would probably be getting K+ which can cause cardiac dysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| Hyperglycemia causes what in the arteries? |
|
Definition
| Atherosclerosis which in turn causes CAD |
|
|
Term
| A type 2 diabetic needs to see what other docs? |
|
Definition
| podiatrist, nephrologist, optometrist, cardiologist |
|
|
Term
| What is the first indication of kidney failure in type 2 diabetics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between insulin and sugar? |
|
Definition
| Insulin helps to store the sugar, and then helps to get it into the cell when it is needed |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 diabetes involves what kind of cells? |
|
Definition
| Beta cell destruction, they do not produce insulin |
|
|
Term
| Which type of diabetes is most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What triggers type 1 diabetes? |
|
Definition
| Genomic or environmental triggers |
|
|
Term
| Type 2 diabetes is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metabolic syndrome is associated with |
|
Definition
| HTN, low HDL, abdominal obesity, elevated TG's, middle age, sedentary lifestyle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulin resistance due to placental hormones |
|
|
Term
| Prednisone-induced diabetes |
|
Definition
| prednisone causes increased glucocorticoid production which causes increased glucose in the blood, which affects cell transport of sugar into the cell (type 2) |
|
|
Term
| Is it possible to prevent type 1 diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is most common test used to diagnose diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pre-diabetes is associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greater or equal to 100, less than 126 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greater than or equal to 126 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low amount or carbs/starches |
|
|
Term
| How to prevent type 2 diabetes if you are pre-diabetic? |
|
Definition
| healthy diet, lose weight, exercise 30 min/day |
|
|
Term
| Early diagnosis of diabetes, symptoms are |
|
Definition
| polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia |
|
|
Term
| Which type of diabetes has a rapid onset? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed late bc |
|
Definition
| the pt is asymptomatic until complications occur |
|
|
Term
| When is type 1 usually diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| In the ED, when the pt is in a coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sandpaper on the capillaries |
|
|
Term
| What organ systems are usually affected by diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 2 diabetics should monitor blood sugar how often? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 diabetics should monitor blood sugar how often? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long term blood sugar control |
|
|
Term
| foods high on the glycemic index cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same types of food every day, at the same time |
|
|
Term
| Nutritive sweeteners need to be counted in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should type 1 diabetics check blood sugar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should type 2 diabetics check blood sugar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glycosylated hemoglobin is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a long term measure of blood sugar |
|
|
Term
| Ketones in the urine are a measure of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lispro, aspart, glulisine |
|
|
Term
| Insulins in order from fastest-acting to longest-acting |
|
Definition
| lispro, regular human, NPH, detemir, glargine |
|
|
Term
| Which insulin should be drawn up first: cloudy or clear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should insulin be stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: pt should rotate sites of insulin injection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is considered hypoglycemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shaky, confused, diaphoretic, disoriented, LOC |
|
|
Term
| hypoglycemic pts may look like they are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some good foods that contain sugar to give a hypoglycemic pt? |
|
Definition
| 4-6 oz juice, hard candy, 2 tsp honey, glucose tablets |
|
|
Term
| After treating a pt for hypoglycemia, when should you check their blood sugar again? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to a sugar-containing food, you also want to give a pt |
|
Definition
| a protein/complex-carbo snack |
|
|
Term
| In a hypoglycemic emergency, the pt. would be treated with |
|
Definition
| glucagon (inj or sl), D50 IVP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperglycemia is associated with |
|
Definition
| stress, infxn, or diet change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thirsty, polyurea, blurred vision, weakness, HA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are there ketones in the urine during DKA |
|
Definition
| bc there is not enough insulin, the body starts breaking down fat/protein which causes ketone dumping |
|
|
Term
| True or false: "fruity" breath is a symptom of DKA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a pt with DKA be tachypnic? |
|
Definition
| They are acidodic, so they are trying very hard to blow off CO2, hence enhanced resp rate |
|
|
Term
| Pts with DKA are usually on what unit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pts with DKA are usually treated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why wouldn't a pt with DKA be on D5? |
|
Definition
| D5 has sugar in it and pt is already hyperglycemic |
|
|
Term
| What else do you need to monitor for a pt with DKA? |
|
Definition
| I&O's, central venous pressure, V/S |
|
|
Term
| Why might a pt. with DKA need bi-carb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do be pts with DKA need frequent neuro checks? |
|
Definition
| Cerebral dehydration or cerebral edema |
|
|
Term
| foods high on the glycemic index cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does HHNS cause acidosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HHNS is a blood sugar over |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would BP drop during HHNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do pts. with HHNS get neuro deficit? |
|
Definition
| yes due to cerebral dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid/electrolyte replacement, some IV insulin |
|
|
Term
| Macro CV complications secondary to diabetes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why would a pt with diabetes get gangrene in a peripheral extremity? |
|
Definition
| poor arterial circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| below the knee amputation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above the knee amputation |
|
|
Term
| Micro CV complications secondary to diabetes |
|
Definition
| capillary thickening causing retinopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HTN due to renal nephropathy |
|
|
Term
| Diabetic pts with renal nephropathy may need |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy |
|
Definition
| numbness, tingling, burning in the legs, decreased deep tendon reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tricyclic antidepressants, TENS (external nerve stim) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systemic organ failure (slowing down of all organ systems) |
|
|
Term
| Majority of colon cancers occur in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why has the incidence of colon cancer decreased over the last 20 years? |
|
Definition
| high fiber diet, constipation tx |
|
|
Term
| How does fiber "exercise" the colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colon cancer occurs more frequently in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why type of diet can help prevent colon cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pts should start getting yearly rectal exams after what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stool guiac should be tested every year after what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should a pt avoid 72 hours before a stool guiac test? |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS, aspirin, radish, turnip, vit C, red meat |
|
|
Term
| flexible sigmoidography, barium enema, or CT colongraphy should be done |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should a colonoscopy be done? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions increase risk for developing colon cancer? |
|
Definition
| familial tendency, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's, chronic polyps (adenocarcenoma) |
|
|
Term
| What is Lynch 1&2 syndrome? |
|
Definition
| a set of genes that are associated with some cancers (colon, prostate, breast, ovarian, uterine) |
|
|
Term
| Most common early sign of colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| black tarry stools indicate |
|
Definition
| cancer in small intestine |
|
|
Term
| coffee ground blood indicates |
|
Definition
| cancer in the lower intestine |
|
|
Term
| True or false: abdominal pain indicates cancer later than a stage 1 or 2 |
|
Definition
| True, b/c if it is painful it is pressing up against other organs |
|
|
Term
| Obstruction of the upper bowel causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Change of the shape of stool (pellets, pencil, ribbon) indicate |
|
Definition
| a lower bowel obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Why would a mass cause pencil or ribbon shaped bowel mvmts? |
|
Definition
| b/c the obstruction is blocking the stool, the only amt that can get past it is pencil thin or ribbon thin amounts |
|
|
Term
| pt's that are high risk groups for colon cancer may take |
|
Definition
| bulk laxatives (high fiber-metamucil) |
|
|
Term
| a pt. would need to start getting a colonoscopy after what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: if colonoscopy is negative, pt still needs to have one yearly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the blood tests that indicate the antigens associated with colon cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a small mass does the pt need a surgical procedure for a biopsy? |
|
Definition
| No, they can do a biopsy via colonoscopy |
|
|
Term
| For a large mass, the pt. will need to have the biopsy done as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| endorectal ultrasonography indicates |
|
Definition
| metastasis to other organs |
|
|
Term
| endorectal ultrasonography looks at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is a CT of the abdomen done to see if there is metastasis? |
|
Definition
| The first place colon cancer usually metastasizes is the liver |
|
|
Term
| Clotting tests and live function tests are done to indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the colon cancer is found early, what is the primary tx? |
|
Definition
| radiofrequency ablation or cryosurgery |
|
|
Term
| A colectomy is performed if the cancer is in ? |
|
Definition
| the lower small intestine/high in large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the removal of the cancer with 3-4 inches of clean margins |
|
|
Term
| Why does a colectomy include 3-4 inch margins? |
|
Definition
| So the surgeon does not spread the cancer in the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| A colectomy is also known as a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the surgical sphincter decrease the use of ostomy creation? |
|
Definition
| it allows the surgeon to maintain the anal sphincter, bc they can get much close to it with the staple |
|
|
Term
| Why would the surgeon create a temporary ostomy after attaching some of the colon to anal sphincter? |
|
Definition
| The area needs to be rested, the pt. has staples there. |
|
|
Term
| What happens if the mass is very close to the anal sphincter and the surgeon is unable to use the surgical staple? |
|
Definition
| They would have to remove the anal sphincter and create a permanent colostomy |
|
|
Term
| After a colectomy without an ostomy, what is the primary nursing concern? |
|
Definition
| bowel management, make sure bowels are working (i.e. ask about flatus) |
|
|
Term
| With a temporary or permanent ostomy what is the primary nursing concern? |
|
Definition
| Ostomy care and teaching about ostomy care |
|
|
Term
| A very large mass would warrant an |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abdominal resection is a how many step procedure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An abdominal resection begins with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During an abdominal resection, after the ostomy is formed, what happens next? |
|
Definition
| They cut off blood supply to the tumor and then push the large intestine down lower in the pelvic cavity |
|
|
Term
| After pushing down the large intestine during a abdominal resection, the surgeon must...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After regowing/regloving during the abdominal resection procedure, the pt is placed in what position? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the pt is placed in high lithotomy during the abdominal resection procedure, the surgeon dose what? |
|
Definition
| Dissects 2 in. around the anus, pulls out everything and packs the wound. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Abdominal resection is a very bloody procedure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of treatment is sometimes used prior to an abdominal resection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is radiation therapy sometimes used prior to an abdominal resection? |
|
Definition
| to try and shrink the tumor so the surgery is more successful |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the anus after an abdominal resection? |
|
Definition
| It disappears, there is no longer a hole |
|
|
Term
| Why is there a high risk for infxn with these types of surgeries (colectomy, colostomy, ab. resection)? |
|
Definition
| cutting into colon, and colon has a lot of e. coli |
|
|
Term
| What type of diet should a pt. be on prior to a surgical procedure involving the colon? |
|
Definition
| low residue or liquid diet |
|
|
Term
| Why are gram-neg antibiotics given pre op before a colon procedure? |
|
Definition
| to clean out all that bacteria in the colon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should the liquid diet be started before the surgery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What else is the pt. given pre-op to cleanse the colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tx will the pt receive post-op? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a pt go into shock after an abdominal resection? |
|
Definition
| hemorrhaging, ab. resections are very bloody surgeries |
|
|
Term
| what are some reasons the pt may have an increased risk for infxn after an abdominal resection? |
|
Definition
| pre-op radiation, WBC counts, where has the cancer spread? |
|
|
Term
| True or False: after abdominal resection, pts are usually on antibiotics prophylactically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who removes the packing from the abdominal resection procedure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of drain would a pt have post op from an ab resection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the nursing care post-op from a ab resection? |
|
Definition
| wet to dry drsg changes, irrigation, pads (count them), drains, monitor for good granulation tissue |
|
|
Term
| What type of diet should a pt with an ostomy consume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can pts with ostomies regulate their bowels? |
|
Definition
| by irrigating the times they "normally" have a bm |
|
|
Term
| How long does the colostomy irrigation process take? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt regulates their bowels daily using irrigation, what else can they use to cover their stoma? |
|
Definition
| a small pouch or a 4x4 covered with vaseline |
|
|
Term
| What types of chemo are used after a surgical procedure to treat colon cancer? |
|
Definition
| 5FU, leukovorin, horse worm pill, monoclonial antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antimetabollite, rescues cells |
|
|
Term
| Generic drugs can hit the market after how many years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the biliary system consists of |
|
Definition
| the liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
|
|
Term
| the sphincter or odai secretes |
|
Definition
| enzymes into the duodenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amylase, protease, lipase |
|
|
Term
| Why does the pancreas not digest itself? |
|
Definition
| It secretes inactivated enzymes, they are activated by a different enzyme right outside the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| What causes pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| Those activated enzymes squirt back into the pancreas through the sphincter of odai,, and start digesting the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| Synthroid for hypothroidism reacts with what 4 meds? |
|
Definition
I (have) ADD
-indocin
-anti-coags
-dig
-dilantin |
|
|
Term
| Why do people with pancreatitis need to be screened for alcohol abuse? |
|
Definition
| Alcohol abuse is associated with pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
| True or false: gallstones are associated with pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bc acute pancreatitis is so painful, pts are usually on what med |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since the pancreas is digesting itself, the tissue damage that occurs during acute pancreatitis can cause |
|
Definition
| tissue necrosis, or infection |
|
|
Term
| How is chronic pancreatitis diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| ERCP, endoretrocoloiopancreatoscopy |
|
|
Term
| True or False: chronic pancreatitis is much more painful and fast moving than acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
| False, it moves much slower |
|
|
Term
| True or False: chronic pancreatitis may not be diagnosed until there is already a lot of damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the pain usually located during pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a patient with acute pancreatitis be on H2 blockers? |
|
Definition
| to increase gastric pH, which decreases the production of pancreatic enzymes |
|
|
Term
| True or false: alcoholics with acute pancreatitis may need higher doses of opiates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a pt with acute pancreatitis be NPO? |
|
Definition
| bc they need to rest their pancreas |
|
|
Term
| How long should a patient with acute pancreatitis be NPO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After being NPO, a pt. with acute pancreatitis should be on what type of diet? |
|
Definition
| high carb, low protein, low fat |
|
|
Term
| What lab values are used to tell if the pancreas is healing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess fluid in the space between the tissues lining the abdomen and abdominal organs |
|
|
Term
| Why would there be fluid in the lungs if the patient has pancreatitis? |
|
Definition
| pancreas is digesting itself causing albumin leakage, albumin goes into surrounding tissues (lungs) and water follows albumin |
|
|
Term
| Fine crackles upon auscultation indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would a patient with acute pancreatitis have S/S of shock? |
|
Definition
| due to so much fluid shifting out of the vasculature |
|
|
Term
| Why keep HOB flat for pts with fluid in the lungs? |
|
Definition
| Don't want fluid to spread further in the lungs, which could cause further oxygenation problems |
|
|
Term
| Why does a pt with chronic pancreatitis need to take oral enzymes? |
|
Definition
| the pancreas is so damaged it is not producing enough enzymes |
|
|
Term
| Why would a patient lose islet cells? |
|
Definition
| the pancreas produces them |
|
|
Term
| Why would a patient with chronic pancreatitis develop type 1 diabetes? |
|
Definition
| bc their islet cells are destroyed and no longer produce insulin |
|
|
Term
| True or false: A patient with chronic pancreatitis may be on insulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tx for pancreatic cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a surgical procedure where part of pancreas, common bile duct, duodenum, and stomach are removed |
|
|
Term
| Why would a pt be diabetic after a whipple? |
|
Definition
| lost their pancreas (islet cells) |
|
|
Term
| Since a whipple is very invasive what is a risk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some other complications secondary to a whipple? |
|
Definition
| bowel obstruction, steatorhea |
|
|
Term
| What tx occurs after a whipple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of diet does a pt need to have after a whipple? |
|
Definition
| high cal, low fat, bland, no alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the liver |
|
|
Term
| Hepatitis A (RNA) is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does hep A usually last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which types of hepatitis can be both acute and chronic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Hep B transferred? |
|
Definition
| blood, bodily fluids, sexual activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is hep C transmitted? |
|
Definition
| blood, bodily fluids, sexual activity |
|
|
Term
| Hep A has what kind of symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two types of Hepatitis occur together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is infection control very important when a pt has hepatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pre exposure Hep A vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post exposure Hep A vaccine |
|
Definition
| within 2 weeks, immunoglobulin |
|
|
Term
| Pre-exposure Hep B vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post-exposure Hep B vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heptovax is a series of how many shots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many people with Hep C become chronic carriers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S/S that show the liver involved associated with hepatitis |
|
Definition
| jaundice, clay-colored stools, orange frothy urine, abdominal pain/enlarged liver, pruritis, elevated AST/ALT |
|
|
Term
| How is hepatitis diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| blood tests looking for certain antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Pts with Hep B take what kind of medication |
|
Definition
| antivirals (Epivir, Hepsera, Baraclude, Tyzeka) |
|
|
Term
| In addition to antivirals, pts with Hep B are also treated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pts with Hepatitis C are treated with |
|
Definition
| ribavirin, interferon alpha 2B |
|
|
Term
| What type of diet are patients with hepatitis on? |
|
Definition
| low fat (b/c liver involvement), high protein, high carb, high calorie |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complication of virus, hepatitis, toxin, autoimmune |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laennec's cirrhosis is also associated with |
|
Definition
| malnourishment, protein/vit deficiency |
|
|
Term
| How is the pt positioned for a liver biopsy? |
|
Definition
| supine, arms elevated, lateral entry |
|
|
Term
| Why is the pt giving vit K during a liver biopsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is vit K given during a liver biopsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anesthesia is used for a liver biopsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would you place the pt on the right side after a liver biopsy? |
|
Definition
| bc that is where the incision is, and you want to put pressure on the bleed |
|
|
Term
| How long does a pt need to lay flat after a liver biopsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would liver enzymes be elevated or lowered during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would bilirubin be elevated or lowered during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would albumin be increased or decreased during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
| decreased, b/c not being stored in the liver |
|
|
Term
| Would cholesterol be elevated or lowered during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| would protein be elevated or lowered during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would H&H be low during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would BUN be elevated or lowered during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would PT be elevated or lowered during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
| elevated bc no clotting factors |
|
|
Term
| Would electrolytes be elevated or lowered during cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
| elevated bc the liver is not cleaning the blood |
|
|
Term
| How is portal HTN treated? |
|
Definition
| transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting, TIPS |
|
|
Term
| TIPS is done between what two veins? |
|
Definition
| portal vein, hepatic vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ascites, esophageal varices |
|
|
Term
| What things are done to monitor amount of fluid shifting into the abdominal cavity with ascites? |
|
Definition
| daily weight, I&O's, abdominal girth |
|
|
Term
| Pts with ascites are usually on what type of diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pts on ascites are usually on what meds? |
|
Definition
| diuretics (spirolactone, lasix) |
|
|
Term
| True or False: pts with ascites should be on bedrest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of diet should a patient with cirrhosis be on? |
|
Definition
| early in cirrhosis high protein, later low protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilation of the veins, usually in the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| What meds are used to treat varices by lowering portal HTN? |
|
Definition
| vasopressin, sandostatin, beta blockers, nitrates |
|
|
Term
| What two procedures tie off the varices before they break? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inject sclerosing agents so veins toughen up and do not break |
|
|
Term
| When is a balloon tamponade tube used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of foods/drinks should pts with varices avoid? |
|
Definition
| very hot/very cold drinks, sharp foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of fluid from peritoneal cavity (ascites tx) |
|
|
Term
| How many liters of fluid are usually removed during an abdominal paracentesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the liver is so far gone it cannot convert ammonia to urea, ammonia is toxic to the brain. so pt has impaired mentation and altered LOC |
|
|
Term
| Most people with cirrhosis die due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of medications are given for hepatic encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
neomycin-trying to kill bacteria in the gut that is created ammonia
lactulose- collects all ammonia in the gut to evacuate it |
|
|
