Term
|
Definition
| Results in acid production. They body must neutralize the acid before its entry into the serum or hide/excrete the ingredients, or make more compensating substances |
|
|
Term
| You can always make more compensatory substances |
|
Definition
| More HCO3 will be retained by the kidney, more CO2 will be retained by the lung, More H+ ion will hide or be saved by the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical buffer systems, protein buffer system, chloride shift, cellular buffers, respiratory buffer system, renal buffer system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metabolic processes that neutralize the acid in the serum. Chemical, PO4 and HCO3, Proteins- Cl- shift on and off Hgb in exchange for HCO3. Cellular moves H+ into different spaces. |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory buffering system |
|
Definition
| Responds quickly (10-30 minutes) easy to assess physical effect. Sensitive to minute changes in the acid base balance dance of life. Controlled by the same systems that control respirations. Loss of this buffering system requires compensation to be made by baby buffers and the renal buffering system. |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory buffer system enemies |
|
Definition
Any disease that interferes with the controllers or the organ of gas exchange.
Primary diseases of the lung (chronic) COPD, Pneumonia. (Acute) Respiratory failure, Pulmonary Edema or Embolus. Neuromuscular Diseases, Electrolyte Distubrances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kick in 12 hours to 2-3 days, works on several different levels. Retention/Excretion of hydrogen or bicarbonate. Retention/Excretion of Phosphate/Phosphoric Acid. Rention/Excretion of Ammonium/ Ammonia. Loss of function requires compensation to be made by the baby buffer systems and acutely by the respiratory buffer system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any disease or substance that is known to destroy, eliminate, or negatively affect the excretory role of the kidney. Diabetes, hypertention, kidney disease, nephrotoxic drugs, congenital renal disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compensation by the respiratory or the renal system is achieved when the ph Remains or returns within the normal range. |
|
|
Term
| Only true way to measure Hypoxemia |
|
Definition
| PaO2 is the only true way to measure hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
| Blood Gas Parameters for pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood Gas Parameters for PCO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood Gas Parameters for HCO3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood Gas Parameters for PO2 |
|
Definition
80-100 at sea level
65-75 Mile High |
|
|
Term
| Blood Gas Parameters for O2 |
|
Definition
95-100 Seal Level
90 and higher Mile High |
|
|
Term
| Blood Gas Parameters B.E. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Look at the pH result
1st name compensated- ph within normal range or uncompensated- ph outside of normal range
Last name acidosis- pH below 7.4
alkalosis- ph above 7.4
Middle name- Look at the parameter that relates to the pH disturbance
If the PCO2 is consistent with the pH problem the middle name or etiligy is respiratory. If the HCO3 is consistent with the pH problem the middle name or etiology is metabolic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Respiratory
Opposite
The pH and CO2 are inversely related
Metabolic
Equal
The pH and HCO3 move in the same direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The K+ will be high with acidosis, cardiac monitor with high K+ level- may see EKG peaked T wave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Caused by any disease/ condition that inhibits ventilation-- Gas exchange from occuring that results in hypoventilation. Results in retnetion of CO2.
Increased PaCO2 and Decreased pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by any disease or situation that results in hyperventilation. Excessive CO2 is blown out of the lungs during exipriation. decreased PaCO2 increased pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Caused by any situation or disease that inhibits synthesis or causes excessive excretion or bicarbonate in the urine or any condtion that increases the amounts of acids in the body. Depleted bicarbonate HCO3.
Decreased HCO3 Decreased pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by any Metabolic condition or situation that decreases the amount of acids or promotes excessive synthesis or bicarbonate ions by the kidney. Results in an excess of HCO3. Increased HCO3 and pH |
|
|
Term
| Signs ans symptoms of acidemia |
|
Definition
CNS- lethargy, confusion, stupor, coma
Cardiac- Delayed conduction, wide QRS, Tall T waves, Bradycardia
Neuromuscular- Hyporflexia, Hypotention, skeletal muscle weakness, faccid paralysis
Respiratory- compensation, would see hyperpnea, tahypnea
Integumentary- Metabolic-warm, flushed, dry, Perspiratory pale to cyanotic, skin dry |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of alkalemia |
|
Definition
CNS- anxiety, irritability, seizures
Neuromuscular- hyperreflexia, muslce cramping, and twiching parasthesias
Cardiac- increased heart rate, irritability
Respiratory- metabolic cause decreased respiratory effort
Respiratory cause increased rate and depth of respirations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tow or more primary imbalances may coexist in the smae very messed up patient. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Seein with a patient with DKA who is vomiting.
Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis- seen in a patient with acute pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treat the cause, protect cardiac muscle form electrolyte K+ imbalances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Watch for signs of clinical improvement, evaluate mental status provide a safe environment, cardiac monitor, due to hypoventilation, evaluate drug therapy, monitor and evaluate electrolytes, ABG's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Equillibrium of the internal environment, the body will maintin through biofeedback systems. A balance between teh ion and cation. |
|
|
Term
| Water content of the body |
|
Definition
50-60% body weigh in adult
45-55% older adult
70-80% in infants |
|
|
Term
| Body compartments maintain homeostasis |
|
Definition
Fluid compartments
Intracellular- all fluid within a cell, most body fluids live here.
Extracellular- fluids located between the cells or thir spacing. Intravasular (plasma), transcellular (CSF, peritoneal fluid, synovila fluid) |
|
|
Term
| Movement of fluids within compartments |
|
Definition
The magic of the semi-permeable membrane- the cell membrane is picky water and Oxygen can move freely.
Diffusion- Spreading molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis- across a concentration gradient- usually lower to higher moving water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ECF volum deficit, abnormal loss of normal body fluids
Diarrhea, vomiting, nasogastric tube drainage, fistula drainage, hemorrhage, inadequate intake, NPO, shift plasma to interstitial (third spacing, burns, peritonitis, bowel obstructions, ascites) |
|
|
Term
| Clincial Manifestations of Hypovolemia |
|
Definition
| Hemoglovin and Hematocrit elevation, ECH deficit hemoconcentration, increased Protein, BUNG, glucose, and electrolytes. Urine specific Gravity due to concentrated urine, serum sodium elevated, Nurses Report Findings. |
|
|
Term
| Physical assessment of Hypovolemia |
|
Definition
Physical Assessment, Vital signs (weak, tachycardia pulse, hypotensive (othostatic), hyperthermia. Neurological- dizzy, confused, weakness, and fatigue.
GI- thirst, dry oral mucosa, N/V, anorexia, and weiht loss.
Renal- Oliguria Low to zero urine output
Other- cool clammy skin, sunken eyes and flattened neck veins. |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Interventions for Hypovolemia |
|
Definition
Fluid replacement- LR or 0/9%NS
Monitor I/O
Call for ouptut less than 0.5mL/kg/hour for 2 consecutive hours
Monitor VS
Watch LOC and maintain safety with position changes
Treat the cause of fluid volume deficit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
#1 cause of HF
ECF volume excess, excessive intake of fluids, abnormal retention of fluids (HF), interstital to plasma fluid shift |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings of Hypervolemia |
|
Definition
VS- Tachycardia, bounding pulse, hypertension, tachypnea, JVD
Hgb and Hct, serum proteine- decreased due to hemodilution, low SG urine
Respiratory- Dyspnea, crackles and orthopnea
Neurological- Confusion, muscle weakness
GI- Anorexia, weight gain, ascites
Edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acculuation of fluid around organ and tissues
The fluid is in the extracellular or interstitial compartments
Lungs- pulmonary edema
Abdomen- ascites
Extremities- peripheral edema
The skin becomes so taunts it will be shiny
Pitting edema VS non-pitting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vascular insufficiency, prengnacy retention of water and sodium, Heart Failure- pump failure, Renal failure- removal of all fluids, cirrhosis- elevated pressure within the vessels of the liver
Anasarca- excessive acculumation of fluid in the interstitial spaces throughout the body, causes cardiac, renal or liver failure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduce IV fluids, Monitor ABG for hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis, position patient high fowlers, O2 as indicated, diruetics monitor I/O, and daily weight, sodium 2-4g/24 hours, document edema, measure PRN and elevate dependent edema areas, skin assessment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Substances whose moledcules dissociate into ions(charged particles) when placed into water, International standard is millimosles per liter, U.S. uses milliequivalent,
ICF prevalent cation is K+
Prevalent anion is PO34
ECF prevalent cation is Na+
Prevalent anion is Cl- |
|
|
Term
| The homeostasis of electrolytes |
|
Definition
Lytes regulate fluid balances, hormone production, strengthens skeletal structures, acts as a catalysts in nerve response and muscle contraction.
Sodium is the primary electrolyte
Electrolytes are calculated from a blood draw or plasma.
We never really know what lytes are doing at the cellular level
Common in most patients with major illness or injury. |
|
|
Term
| Hyponatremia Serum Sodium Less than 135mEq/L |
|
Definition
Risk factors, GI- vomitting, nasogastric suction, diarhea, and tap water enema. Hypovolemi
Physical exertion
Renal- diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, and kidney disease
Burns, wound drainage
edematous state, fluid volume excess
hypotonic IV fluids |
|
|
Term
| Clincial manifestations of Hyponatremia |
|
Definition
VS- tachycardia, hypotention (orthostatic)
Neurological-Muscle weakness, confusion, headache, lethargy, muscle cramps, seizures can occur
GI- hyperactive bowel sounds, abdomincal cramping |
|
|
Term
| Hyponatremia Collaborative care |
|
Definition
Oral fluid restriction usually 1000ml per 24 hours. No water
Isotonic or hypertonic IV solusions
Increase sodium intake in diet
seizure precautions- padded side rails if seizure occurs
Safety with confusion (Bed low, brakes locked, call light in reach.) |
|
|
Term
| Hypernatremia- Serum sodium greater than 145mEq/L |
|
Definition
| Risk factors, water deprivation NPO, excessive sodium intake- oral and IV solution, sodium retention, renal failure, cushings syndrome, steroids, fluid loss- fever, burns, respiratory infection, hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Findings Hypernatremia |
|
Definition
VS- Tachycardia, hyperthemia, orthostatic hypotension
Neruo/musculoskeletal- Restlessness, agitation, muscle twitching, increased DTR, altered LOC
GI- dry mucous membranes, hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramping
Edema, and oliguria |
|
|
Term
| Nursing interventions and Medical management for Hypernatremia |
|
Definition
| Administer hypotonic solutions or isoltonic solutions, encourage water intake, monitor LOC and patient safety, oral hygeine to decrease thirs, I/O and daily weights, cellular dehydration can also cause seizures. |
|
|
Term
| Hypokalemia serum potassium less than 3.5mEq/L |
|
Definition
Actual potassium deficits
Gi-vomitting, nasogastric suction, hiarrhea and excessive laxative us
Renal- Diuretics
Skin- diaphoresis
Relative Potassium Deficits- alkalosis, tPN, water intoxification |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Manifestations of Hypokalemia |
|
Definition
Metabolic alkalosis
VS- weak irregular pulse, hyperthermia
Cardiac- ECG changes, Inverted T waves, bradycardia, ST depression, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia
Neuromuscular- Weakness!! Muscle cramping, confusion, hypoactive reflexes- respiratory status
GI- decreased motility, hypoactive bowel sounds, constipation, ileus, N/V anorexia |
|
|
Term
| Collaborative care for hypokalemia |
|
Definition
Treat the underlying cause, replacement of potassium, oral and IV potassium, food high in potassium, NEVERN IV PUSH K+, safe IV dose maximum 10mEq/hour
Postassium protocols
Monitor IV for phlebitis
Monitor Respirations and cardiac rhythm
Consider LOC and safety |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Diagnosis for Hypokalemia |
|
Definition
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for injury
Potential complication: Dysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| Hyperkalemia Serum potassium greater than 5.0mEq/L Risk factors |
|
Definition
Actual potassium Excesses- increased intake of potassium- IV or salt substitutes
Renal failure- Not excreting
Potassium sparing diuretics- Thiazides (spironolactone)
Relative Potassium Excesses
Tissue damage, trauma
Uncontrolled diabetes
acidosis
Addison's disease |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Manifestations of Hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
Metabolic acidosis
Vits Signs- slow irregular pulse, hypotension
Neuromuscular- resltessness, irritability, weakness, paresthesias
ECG changes- ventricular fibrilation Peaked T wave
GI- N/V, increases GI motility, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Collaborative care for hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
Stop potassium intake, stop IV or oral doses of potassium. Increase potassium excretion (loop diuretics, kayexalate-sodium polystrene sulfonate PO or enema)
dialysis
Force K from ECF to ICF by Iv insulin of sodium bicarbonate
Cardiac monitoring- cardiac arrest, and monitor for dysrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Diagnosis for Hypo or hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for injury
Potential complication: Dysrhythmia |
|
|
Term
| Hypocalcemia- Serum Calcium less than 9.0mg/dl |
|
Definition
Malabsoption of calcium from Crohn's
End stage renal disease
Post thyroidectomy
Decreased production of PTH, acute pancreatitis, multiple blood transfusions |
|
|
Term
| Clincial Findings Hypocalcemia |
|
Definition
Neuromuscular- muscles twitchy even at rest, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, postivit chovstek's sign, positive Trousseaus's sign
Cardiovascular- Decrease myocardial contractility and decreased HR
ECG changes |
|
|
Term
| Collaborative Care for Hypocalcemia |
|
Definition
Calcium replacement therapy oral or IV
Seizure precautions
Emergency resuscitations equipment
Encourage foods high in calcium
Treat pain and anxiety to prevent hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High serum calicum levels caused by hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, vitamin D overdose, prolonged immobilization |
|
|
Term
| Hypercalcemia Manifestations |
|
Definition
| decreased memory, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, constipation |
|
|
Term
| Hypocalcemia- Low serum levels caused by |
|
Definition
| Decreased production of PTH, acute pancreatitis, multiple blood transfusions, alkalosis, decreased intake |
|
|
Term
| Nursing management of hypercalcemia/hypcalcemia |
|
Definition
| Exretion of Ca with loop diuretic, hydration with isotonic saline infusion, synthetic calcitonin, mobilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
High serum PO34 caused by acute or chronic renal failure, chemotherapy, excessive ingestion of phosphate or vitamin D.
Manifestations-
Calcified deposition in soft tissue such as joints, arteries, skin, kidneys, and corneas.
Neuromuscular irritability and tetany |
|
|
Term
| Hyperphosphatemia Management |
|
Definition
identify and treat underlying cause, restric foods and fluids containing phophorus, adquate hydration and correction of hypocalcemic conditions.
Manifestations
CNS depression, confusion, muscle weakness and pain, dysrhythmias, cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low Serum PO34 caused by malnourishment/ malabsoprtion, alcohol withdrawal, use of phophate-binding anatcids, during parenteral nutrition with inadequate replacement |
|
|
Term
| Management of hypophosphatemia |
|
Definition
| Oral supplementation, ingestion of foods high in phosphorus, IV administation of sodium or potassium phosphate |
|
|
Term
| Hypomagnesium Serum Magnesious less than 1.2mg/dl |
|
Definition
| Malnutrition, alcoholism, prolonged use of TPN, uncontrolled diabetes with fluid loos |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Findings Hypomagnesmia |
|
Definition
Neuromuscular
Increased nerve impulse transmission, hyperactive DTR, facial paresthesias, muscle tetany, confusion
Hyperactive DTR, tremors, siezures
GI
Hyperactive bowel sounds, constipation, ileus |
|
|
Term
| Nursing Interventions and Medical Management for hypomagnesmia |
|
Definition
Stop medications which lead to magnesium loss (loop diuretics)
IV and oral magnesium replacement
Encourage food high in magnesium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Caused by increased intake or ingestion of products containing magnesium when renal insufficiency or failure is present.
Manifestations are:
Lethargy
Drowsiness
Nausea/Vomitting
Impaired reflexes
Somnolence
Respiratory and cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
| Management of Hypermangnesemia |
|
Definition
Prevention
Emergency treatment- IV calcium gluconate
Fluids to promote urinary exretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobin Levels for women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoglovin Levels for Men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid maintainence
Replacement
Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalance
Medication administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LR (274mOsm)
.9NS (309mOsm)
D5W (278mOsm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
.45NS (154mOsm)
.33NS (103mOsm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
D5 1/2 NS (406mOsm)
D5LR (524 mOsm)
3%NS (1026 mOsm) |
|
|
Term
| Sodium electrolyte disorders and symptoms |
|
Definition
Excess- hypernatremia- thirst, CNS deterioration, increased interstitial fluid.
Deficit- hyponatremia- CNS deterioration |
|
|
Term
| Potassium electrolyte disorders and symptoms |
|
Definition
Hyperkalemia- ventricular fibrillation, ECG changes, CNS changes
Hypokalemia- Bradycardia, ECG changes, CNS changes |
|
|
Term
| Calcium electrolyte disorders and symptoms |
|
Definition
Hypercalcemia- thirst, CNS deterioration, incresed interstitial fluid.
Hypocalcemia- Tetany, Chvostek's sign, Trousseas sign, muscle twitching, CNS changes, ECG changes |
|
|
Term
| Magnesium electrolyte disorders signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
Hypermagnesiemia- Loss of DTR, depression of CNS, depressioun of nerumuscular function
Hypomagnesemia- Hypoactive DTR, CNS changes |
|
|
Term
| One function of body fluids |
|
Definition
| To provide nutrients to cells and carry waste away from cells |
|
|
Term
| Body fluids transport nutrients to and waste productrs from the cells, and they are also necessary fo that |
|
Definition
| electrolyte chemical reactions can occur. |
|
|
Term
| The largest amount of body fluids is whithin the cells which is call the |
|
Definition
| intracellular compartment |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular fluid is divided into the following two parts |
|
Definition
| intravascular and interstitial |
|
|
Term
| An example of sensible fluid loss if fluid excreted through the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Daily fluid loss known as |
|
Definition
| insensible in not measurable |
|
|
Term
| The electron of an atom carries a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An atom that has an electrical charge is called an |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cation is an ion with a |
|
Definition
| positive electrical charge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negative electrical charge |
|
|
Term
| A milliliter is what fraction of a liter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the method in which the body moves electrolytes from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is the energy source of active transport |
|
|
Term
| The major cation in both interstitial and intravascular fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chief cation in the intracellular fluid is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A substance that is dissolved is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The solution in which a solute is dissolved is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a carrier substance is needed to transport another substance across a membrane the process is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movment of fluid through a selectively permeable membrane is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The result of osmosis is two solutions, separated by a membrane that are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the solutions on both sides of a selectively permeable membrane are alike in concentration. |
|
|
Term
| An example of a solution that is isotonic to body cells is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distilled water is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypotonic solutions cause the cells to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypertonic solutions cause the cells to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Homeostasis results from fluid and electorlytes that are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the body loses more electrolytes than fluid, as occurs when a patient has diarrhea, the extracellular fluid will contain fewer electrolytes or less solute than the intracellular fluid. The concentration of solutes to solution is decreased. Fluids are pulled out of the cells into the blood stream as an attempt to equalize to solute/solution ratio. If this process continues thefluid will be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hydrostatic pressure is greater at the |
|
Definition
| arterila end of the capillary |
|
|
Term
| The process by which water and solutes pass through a membran when the hydrostatic pressure is greater on one side of the membrane than on the other is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluid entering the interstitial space will cause an |
|
Definition
| increase in tissue congestion |
|
|
Term
| An abnormal loss of secretions from the GI tract is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When there is an increased production of aldosterone, the kidneys retain |
|
Definition
| more sodium, chloride, and water |
|
|
Term
| An increased production of aldosterone causes a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in the production of ADH will lead to an increase in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potassium administered as a direct IV push is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess fluid in interstitial spaces |
|
|
Term
| A person who has gastric suction or has had prolonged vomiting will have a deficit of |
|
Definition
| water, sodium, and potassium |
|
|
Term
| The nurse obtains all of the following assessment datat about a patient with deficient fluid volume caused by a massive burn injury. Which is of greatest concern? |
|
Definition
The blood pressure is 90/40
The urine ouput os 30 ml over the last hour
Oral fluid intake is 100 ml for the last 8 hour
There is prolonged skin tenting over the sternum.
THE BLOOD PRESSURE IS 90/40 |
|
|
Term
| A recetnly admitted patinet has a small cell carcinoma of the lung, which is causing the syndrom of inappropriate antidiuretic homrone. The nurse will monitor carefully for |
|
Definition
increased total urinary output
elevation of serum Hct
decreased serum sodium level
rapid and unexpected weight loss
DECRESED SERUM SODIUM LEVELS |
|
|
Term
| When caring for an alert and oriented elderly patient with a history of dehydration, the home health nurse will teach the patient to icnrease fluid intake |
|
Definition
in the late evening hours
if the mucosa feels dry
when the patient feels thirst
as soon as changes in level of consciousness occur
IF THE ORAL MUCOSA FEELS DRY |
|
|
Term
| Spronolactone, an aldosterone antagonist is prescribed for a patient as a diuretic. Which statement by the patient indicates that the teaching about this medication has been effective |
|
Definition
I will try to drink at least 8 glasses of water each day
I will use salt substitute to decrease my sodium intake
I will increase my intake of potassium containing foods
I will dring apple juice instead of orange juice for breakfast.
I WILL DRINK APPLE JUICE INSTEAD OF ORANGE JUICE FOR BREAKFAST |
|
|
Term
| When caring for a patient admitted with hyponatremia, which actions will the nurse anticpate taking |
|
Definition
| Restric the patient's oral free water intake |
|
|
Term
| The home health nurse notes that an elderly patient has low serum protein level. The nurse will plan to asses for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When teach a patient with renal failure about a low phophate diet the nurs will include information to restrict |
|
Definition
| Ingestion of dairy products |
|
|
Term
| Following a thyroidectomy, a patient complains of a tingling feeling around my mouth. The nurse should immediately checke for |
|
Definition
| the presence of Chvostek's sign. |
|
|
