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Med Surg Ch 15 Disorders w blood vessels Unit 3
Ch 15 Disorders with the blood vessels Unit 3
46
Nursing
Not Applicable
10/07/2010

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Term
low blood pressure
Definition
hypotension
Term
what are some causes of hypotension
Definition
hemorrhage, shock, heart block, sometimes no cause
Term
what are some SXS of hypotension
Definition
faintness, dizziness, weakness
Term
treatment for hypotension
Definition
practice safety measures, fall risks
Term
high blood pressure
Definition
hypertension
Term
hypertension is a common cause for _____ _____
Definition
heart disease
Term
hypertension leading to heart disease cause problems in the _____ventricle of the heart
Definition
left
Term
150/90 is an example of
Definition
hypertension
Term
hypertension with no apparent cause is____or _____
Definition
Essential or Primary hypertension
Term
hypertension that is caused by another medical condition ex pregnancy, renal failure
Definition
secondary hypertension
Term
What are the SXS of hypertension
Definition
HA, blurred vision, fatigue, insomnia, nervousness, nosebleeds...may be exacerbated by stress
Term
what are some risk factors for hypertension
Definition
ages 30-50, african americans, smoking, family history, stress, obesity, high lipid blood count (hyperlipidemia)
Term
how can hypertension be prevented
Definition
BP screenings weekly, R & R, proper diet, decrease salt, increase exercise
Term
how is hypertension treated
Definition
low sodium low fat diet, quit smoking, lose weight, meds
Term
antihypertensive drugs some target _____, beta blockers
Definition
kidneys
Term
what do diuretics do?
Definition
increase volume output & decrease circulating blood volume & decrease blood pressure
Term
What are some complications of hypertension
Definition
HA, MI, CHF, kidney failure, CVA (stroke), swelling of the optic nerve, blindness
Term
an outpouching & weakening of the tunica media, blood filled sack or dilation appears may burst common in the aorta
Definition
aneurysm
Term
What causes an aneurysm
Definition
atherosclerosis or it can be congenital or due to age
Term
how do you treat an aneurysm
Definition
surgery
Term
affects blood flow of veins & ateries usually supplying the extremities, common complication of diabetes and artherosclerosis
Definition
peripheral vascular disease
Term
What are SXS of PAD
Definition
extremity is cold, leg ulcers, tropic changes, thick nails, loss od hair, tight shiny skin, decrease in sensation, ischemia to necrosis to death
Term
how is PAD diagnosed
Definition
arteriogram (inject die into the the arteries)
Term
PAD treatments
Definition
balloon angioplasty, bypass graft (femoral-popliteal) sympathectomy, vasodialator drugs, antihypertensive drugs, anti-lipid drugs
Term
PAD nursing care
Definition
keep client warm, stop smoking, do NOT elevate the foot of the bed
Term
inflammation of w a clot formation
Definition
thrombophlebitis
Term
what are risk factors for thrombophlebitis
Definition
venus stasis, impaired blood flow, pregnancy, CHF, veracose veins, prolonged bed rest, having a tumor, obesity, prolonged sitting, crossing legs, post op pt
Term
Nursing dx for thrombophlebitis
Definition
impaired tissue infusion, trauma or injury to the veins
Term
SXS of thrombophlebitis
Definition
positive Homans sign (pain w dorsal flexion) swelling redness, warm to touch, cramping
Term
prevention for thromophlebitis
Definition
ROM, position change, get them out of bed, ted hoes, SCD's
Term
treatment for thrombophlebitis
Definition
KPAD, wet wash cloth, elevate foot of the bed, AES hose, anti coagulate, aspirin product, NO massage
Term
massive loss of blood is
Definition
hemorrhage
Term
inadequate output of blood from the heart resulting in lack of adequate tissue perfussion
Definition
shock
Term
shock originating in the heart
Definition
cardiogenic
Term
shock that results from lack of blood volume
Definition
hypovolemic shock
Term
Shock caused by a severe allergic reaction
Definition
anaphylactic shock
Term
shock that originates in the nervous system
Definition
neurogenic shock
Term
shock in reaction to pathogens
Definition
septic shock
Term
shock in reaction to emotional fear or shock
Definition
physic
Term
shock due to an increase in the size of the vascular bed
Definition
vasogenic shock
Term
SXS of shock
Definition
hypotension, rapid thready weak pulse, increased shallow respirations, decrease in urinary output, pale cool, clammy skin, restlesness, narrowed pulse pressure
Term
what is the treatment for shock
Definition
keep them warm, trendelenburg position (feet up) O2, IV fluids, blood transfusions
Term
dialated tortuous (twisted) veins, blood cant be returned to heart efficiently most common in the legs (saphenous veins)
Definition
varicose veins
Term
what are the risk factors for varicose veins
Definition
heredity, prolonged standing,abdominal tumors, wearing garter belts, recurrent thrombophlebitis
Term
SXS of varicose veins
Definition
discolored leg veins, legs tired
Term
tx for varicose veins
Definition
ligation (tie off), stripping, laser surgery, inj normal saline (temp fix) walking often, elevate bed, not crossing legs
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