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Med Phys Test 3
N/A
30
Physiology
Graduate
04/05/2011

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
3 components of the respiratory system:

____ - movement of air into and out of lungs

____ - from lungs to blood in the pulmonary capillaries at the alveoli and from blood to lungs in systemic capillaries

____ - consists of O2 utilization and CO2 production in the cells.
Definition

Venitlation

gas exchange

mitochondrial respiration

Term
____ - any process involved in getting O2 from the atmosphere into the blood and CO2 from the blood into the atmosphere


____- any processes involved in getting O2 from the blood into the mitochondria and using it for ATP synthesis and then getting CO2 back into the blood
Definition

External respiration

Internal respiration

Term
Conducting v. respiratory zones of ventilatory system
Definition

Conducting: larynx - trachea - primary bronchi - secondary bronchi - tertiary bronchi - smaller bronchi - bronchioles - terminal bronchioles

 

Respiratory: respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

Term
Where does gas exchange take place?

What is the transition between the conducting and respiratory zones?
Definition

alveoli

 

respiratory bronchioles

Term
3 ventilatory muscles
Definition

ext & internal intercostals

diaphragm

Term
____ - potential space between parietal pleura covering the inside of the chest wall and visceral pleura covering the lung; enclosed and not continuous with either the lung or the atmosphere
Definition
intrapleural space
Term
____ - pressure in the atmosphere at FRC, typical value?

____ - pressure in the alveoli at FRC, typical value?

____ - pressure in the intrapleural space at FRC, typical value?

____ - pressure inside the lung as compared to outside; pressure across the alveolar wall, typical value? how is it calculated?
Definition

atmospheric pressure (Patm) = 760 mmHg

INtra-alveolar pressure (Palv) = 760 mmHg (0 relative to atmosphere)

Intrapleural pressure (Pip) = 756 mmHg (-4 mmHg relative to atmosphere)

Transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) = 4 mmHg (Ptp = Palv - Pip)

Term
What condition is described?

If air is introduced into the intrapleural space, the intrapleural pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure and the "vacuum" between the lungs and the chest wall is broken, causing the lunge to collapse.
Definition
pneumothorax
Term
What is Boyle's Law and how is it involved in the mechanics of ventilation?
Definition
Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional - when one doubles, the other halves
Term
What is the driving force for ventilation?
Definition

the pressure difference between the atmosphere and the alveoli (Patm - P alv)

Atmospheric pressure doesn't change, but alveolar pressure is changed by altering alveolar volume (Boyle's Law)

 

If atmospheric pressure is > alveolar pressure, air will go into the body. As air goes in, alveolar pressure increases and air stops coming in when Palv = Patm

Term
Lung elasticity depends on two factors:
Definition

Elastin fibers in alveolar wall - 1/3 of elasticity

Alveolar surface tension - 2/3 of elasticity

Term
___ is the force acting at an air/water interface resultin from water having greater attraction to itself than to air

When water lines the inside of an air filled space (alveolus), the surface tension tends to act in which direction (expansion or collapse)?
Definition

surface tension

Collapse

Term
How does surfactant work and what is respiratory distress syndrome?
Definition

Surfactant covers alveolar walls and counteracts the collapsing pressure of the alveolus.

 

It works in a concentration-dependent manner, so when there is less volume in the alveolus, the surfactant has a stronger effect and keeps it from collapsing. but when there is more volume in the alveolus, the surfactant has less effect and thus the alveolus doesn't explode.

 

Respiratory distress syndrome - infants born before 7 mos have no surfactant and thus alveoli can collpase

Term
The amount of "fresh" air that enters the alveoli each minute

Conduction system makes up 30% of ventilatory system, with resp system the other 70%

On each inspiration, 30 of Tidal Volume (150mL) doesn't make it into the alvoeli... this is called the ____
Definition

Alveolar Ventilation (Va)

Anatomical dead space

Term
If you double breathing frequency without changing minute ventilation, what happens to tidal volume? What happens to % of anatomical dead space?
Definition

cuts TV in half

Increases % of dead space

 

Va= Bf(Tv-Td)

Term
Dead space volume is always ___. The % of dead space changes as you change TV, but the volume of dead space doesn't change
Definition
150mL
Term
How are CO2 and O2 exchanged in the capillaries?

As blood moves through the pulmonary capillaries, what happesn to O2 and Co2 level sin the blood?
Definition

Diffusion

 

O2 increases, CO2 decreases

Term
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
Definition
The total pressure exerted by a gas mixture on a surface is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas in the mixture would individually exert
Term
Henry's Law:
Definition
The quantity of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of gas above the liquid and its solubility coefficient for the gas in the liquid
Term
___: PO2 is lower than normal in tissue
___: PO2 is greater than normal in tissue
___: PO2 is lower than normal in blood
___: PCO2 is lower than normal in blood
___: PCO2 is greater than normal in the blood
Definition

Hypoxia

Hyperoxia

Hypoxemia

Hypocapnia

Hypercapnia

Term
The primary ventilatory driving force is systemic arterial and pulmonary venous ____
Definition
PCO2
Term
If you increase CO2 concentraiton, you do what to ventilatory drive?
Definition
increase (breathe more)
Term
THe primary thing that determins O2 loading on Hb is how much O2 is ??
Definition

how much O2 is dissolved in plasma

 

If Plasma PO2 is high, then Hb saturation will be high

 

Term
Normal [Hb] in males and females
Definition

Females: 120-150 g/Lblood

Males: 130-160 g/Lblood

 

One gram of Hb 1.34 ml O2 when fully saturated

Term
Factors affecting Hb affinity for O2
Definition

temp of blood

pH of blood (Bohr effect)

PCO2 (carbamino effect)

2,3-BPG

Term
if Hb affinity for O2 decreases, the % saturation curve wil shift...
Definition
right
Term
Things that would shift the % saturtion curve right (decreased affinity for O2)
Definition

Increased temperature

decreased pH

Increased H+

Increased PCO2

Increasd 2,3 - BPG

 

ONLY decreased pH, everything else increased

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