Term
| Magnesium hydroxide /Aluminum hydroxide (Maalox, Gaviscon, etc) |
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Definition
Acid Neutralizing Agents
Use: GERD, Laxative (osmotic)
Effects: increase gastric motility, cause diarrhea
Other Drugs: Sodium Bicarbonate
Calcium Carbonate (Tums)
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Term
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Definition
H2 Histamine Antagonist
Mechanism: blocks H2 receptor, not allowing for GPCR to increase cAMP, stimulating and not allowing H,K ATPase proton pump stimulation
Use: Tx of duodenal and gastric ulcers, GERD, zollinger-ellison syndrom, nocturnal acid formation, pre-op to decrease stomach acidity, stress, severe allergic rxns; can be used to treat masculinization
Side effects: headaches, dizziness, nausea, chronic cimetidine at high doses has an antiandrogen effect
inhibits CYP3A decreasing metabolism of many drugs
Other Drugs: Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Nizatidine (Axid) |
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Term
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Definition
Proton Pump Inhibitor
Use: GERD and esophagitis, zollinger ellison syndrom
Mechanism: Irreversibly inhibit proton pump, extremely effective in inhibiting acid secretion; irreversibly binds HKATPase in parietal cells
PHK: effects last 24-48 hrs until new pumps are synthesized
Adverse: nausea, diarrhea, abdominal colic, may decrease Ca absorption
Other Drugs: Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
Pantoprazole (Protonix) |
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Term
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Definition
Cytoprotective Agents
Use: prevent ulceration induced by NSAIDS
Mechanism: prostaglandin E1 analogue increases secretion of mucus, decreases acid secretion
Adverse: diarrhea, abdominal distress, headache, dizziness
is a prostaglandin so can cause uterine contractions/abortion in pregnant women
Other Drugs: Sucralfate (Carafate)
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol) and Bismuth Citrate |
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Term
| Glycopyrrolate (Robinul®), Dicyclomine (Bentyl®); NOT BOLDED |
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Definition
Antispasmodic
Use: decrease intestinal overactivity and reduce cramping and spasms; |
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Term
| Amitriptyline (Elavil) NOT BOLDED |
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Definition
TCA
Use: IBS
Mechanism: anticholinergic effects, decrease spasticity, improvement of chronic pain |
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Term
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Definition
Serotonin Antagonist; Antinausea
Use: Antinausea; NOT effective for motion sickness
Mechanism: blocks serotonin receptors in CTZ and in GI tract
Other Drugs: Granisetron (Kytril)
Dolasetron (Anzemet)
Palonosetron (Aloxil)
Cyproheptidine |
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Term
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Definition
Mechanism: blocks DA, muscarinic and histamine receptors
Use: post op nausea, vomiting and nausea/vomiting due to other causes
Other Drug: Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
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Term
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Definition
Antiemetic
Use: Chemo-induced nausea/vomiting; stimulates appetite
Mechanism: Binds Cannabinoid receptor (THC)
Other Drug: Aprepitant (Emend)
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