Term
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Definition
| continuous presence of disease- low level |
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Term
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Definition
| larger than normal # of cases by a single agent in a specific geo area w/in a short time period |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rate- incidence of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| %: #new cases/total population (specific time interval) |
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Term
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Definition
| %= total # of cases/total population (cumulative) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| human, bio vectors, soil, water, nosocomial infections |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the factors influencing frequency and distribution of disease |
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Term
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Definition
1- incubation period
2- carriers |
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Term
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Definition
organism retained in body (+/- shedding in body fluids.
1-normal flora
2-persistent infection (latent and chronic) |
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Term
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Definition
| organism hides in host cell, not easily spread |
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Term
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Definition
| organism in body fluids, more easily spread |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
part of life cycle of microbe)
1- animals
2- arthropods (ticks, fleas, mosquitos) |
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Term
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Definition
1-portal of entry
2-direct contact
3-indirect contact |
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Term
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Definition
site where microbe/toxin enters body
1- skin via cut/abrasion
2- mucus membranes- resp. tract, GI tract, genital tract, urinary tract |
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Term
| direct contact (mode of transmission) |
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Definition
| inhalation, contact w/saliva, sex, child birth, in utero (vertical transmission), bite(animal/human), transplant of infected organ |
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Term
| indirect contact (mode of transmission) |
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Definition
1- inhale contaminated air
2- mechanical vector
3- contact with fomites
4- contaminated fingers
5-ingestion of contaminated food/water (vehicle)
6- injection w/ blood from infected person |
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Term
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Definition
| contains droplet nuclei (human), environmental aerosol, aerosol- animal source |
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Term
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Definition
| living being that caries pathogen on body ( not part of microbe life cycle) |
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Term
| factors influencing character of epidemic |
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Definition
| level of immunity in population, environmental conditions, cultural customs, virulence of strain, intensity of exposure |
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Term
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Definition
1- high dose: overwhelm immune host
2- low dose: increase # of infected persons, longer incubation period, asymptomatic infection |
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Term
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Definition
| increase host resistance, reduce reservoir/vectors, segregation/isolate/quarantine, medical & surgical asepsis in hospitals |
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Term
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Definition
vaccination, herd immunity
passive immunity (IG)
drug prophylaxis |
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Term
| medical & surgical asepsis in hospitals |
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Definition
| decrease nosocomial infection |
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Term
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Definition
determine if all cases are due to same strain/source
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
antibiograms |
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