Term
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Definition
| ability of microbe to cause visible disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of microbes needed to infect 50% of the animals exposed to them (experimental animals) |
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Term
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Definition
| – a public health measure; number of clinical cases of disease divided by the number of those exposed to the causative agent (way to deduce infectivity in human populations) |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a microbe to cause severe disease; common cold low virulence, streptococcus pneumoniae high virulence |
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Term
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Definition
| – the number of microbes required to kill 50% of the animals exposed to them (experimental animals) |
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Term
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Definition
| number of deaths from a particular disease divided by the number of clinically apparent cases (way to measure virulence in humans) |
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Term
| Localized/Focal Infection |
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Definition
| remains confined to a specific body site - Example: Abscess |
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Term
| Systemic/Septic Infection |
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Definition
– spreads to several sites and tissue fluids; infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues
Example: Chickenpox |
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Term
| Mixed Infections (Co-infections or Polymicrobial) |
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Definition
several agents establish themselves simultaneously; maybe synergistic
Example: Impetigo is often polymicrobial |
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Term
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Definition
may be followed by another infection caused by a different organism giving rise to a Secondary Infection
Example: Influenza damages respiratory tissue which may result in bacterial pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
new usually short term (acute disease, acute onset, IgM on serology; may be IgG is asymptomatic moving to symptomatic and requires paired sera)
Example: Common cold |
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Term
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Definition
infections that progress and persist over a period of time (IgG, titer rises or remains significantly elevated over time)
Example: Hepatitis C |
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Term
| Subclinical, Inapparent, or Asymptomatic |
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Definition
host usually does not seek medical attention due to lack of clear cut or serious signs and symptoms
Example: CMV infection |
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Term
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Definition
After initial symptoms, microbe goes dormant (may re-activate at future date)
Example: Herpes Simplex Virus, EBV |
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Term
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Definition
| : condition following as a consequence of a disease- |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used to describe additional medical problems that develop following a procedure, treatment or illness. |
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Term
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Definition
Interval between the time of exposure and development of symptoms of the disease
Length varies with organism, infectious dose, host immune status |
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Term
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Definition
| Early, feeling of “not well” – malaise, anorexia, sore throat, etc… beginning of infection, maybe some cellular indication but no full s/s of disease (ex. sore throat prodrome of polio) |
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Term
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Definition
Full expression of signs and symptoms
Expression varies with infectious dose and host immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| Remission of signs and symptoms; May also be a stage of disability |
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Term
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Definition
components in the growth media inhibit the growth of some types of organisms allowing others to grow –
Example: Thayer martin for Neisseria species |
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Term
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Definition
more than one type of organism will grow, but components of the media allow differentiation of groups of organisms based on a biochemical reaction
Example: Blood agar to differentiate those that are hemolytic and the type of hemolysis |
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Term
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Definition
growth factors enhance recovery of hard to grow microbes – usually allows all the organisms in a specimen to grow
Example: Cysteine Blood agar – addition of cysteine to support the growth of those organisms who cannot make their own cysteine |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of monoclonal antibodies to identify antigens present on the surface of specific microorganisms (agglutination reactions). Some are tagged with fluorescent antibodies and are the basis for DFA identification processes |
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Term
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Definition
| process that eliminates, through destruction or removal, all viable microorganisms, including viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| physical or chemical process used to destroy vegetative pathogens but not endospores |
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Term
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Definition
| used on inanimate objects; removes microbes below infectious dose number |
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Term
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Definition
| used on animate objects; removes microbes below infectious dose number |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents the growth of bacteria on tissues or on objects in the environment; inhibit replication |
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Term
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Definition
| destroys bacteria (only a few destroy endospores) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to kill pathogen instead of or before killing the host or interfering with host processes |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis |
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Definition
| Beta-Lactams, Glycopeptides, Bacitracin |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Acid Fast Cell Wall Synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis |
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Definition
| Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Oxazolidinoes (effective against multi drug resistant TB, Chloroamphenicol, Clindamycin, Streptogramins |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks binding of f-met tRNA and formation of initiation complex on 70s ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks binding of new tRNA to acceptor site |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks formation of peptide bond catalyzed by peptidyl transferase |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks formation of peptide bond catalyzed by peptidyl transferase |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks translocaiton of peptidyl tRNA |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis |
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Definition
| Quinolones Rifampin and Rifamycins Metronidazole Clofazimine |
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Term
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Definition
| Sulfonamides Trimethoprim |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Cytoplasmic Membrane Function |
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Definition
| Polymyxins Lipopeptides Bacitracin |
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Term
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Definition
| inserts increasing cell permeability |
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Term
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Definition
| triggers rapid depolarization, loss of membrane potential leads to inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits cell wall synthesis; damage bacterial cytoplasmic membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| Compete with PABA as a substrate for folic acid synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Combined with sulfamethoxazole to treat broad range of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Nevirapine |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks H2 production (which is necessary for E production), binds DNA, reduced nitro group cytotoxic free radical |
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Term
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Definition
Binds DNA (combo treatment of Tuberculosis and Leprosy)
Active against Mycobacterium |
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Term
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Definition
| interferes with binding of f-met tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits tRNA entry into acceptor sites (elongation)blocks translocation |
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Term
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Definition
recently shown to be effective against multi drug resistant TB)
blocks initiation of translation by blocking formation of initiation complex at the 30S ribosome (unique) |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks synthesis of mycolic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks synthesis of arabinogalactan |
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Term
| Antiviral Attachment/Penetration inhibition |
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Definition
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Term
| antiviral uncoating inhibitor |
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Definition
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Term
| antiviral blocks nucleic acid synthesis |
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Definition
| AZT Ribavirin Acyclovir, Ganciclovir Nevirapine |
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Term
| antiviral blocks protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| antiviral blocks assembly |
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Definition
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Term
| antiviral blocks viral release |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Polyenes Azoles Echinocandins Base analogs |
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Term
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Definition
affects fungal plasma membrane Inserts in fungal membrane next to ergosterol causes
pore formation, ion leakage |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits the 14-alpha demethylation of ergosterol; prevents fungal p.m. synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits synthesis of glucan components
prevents fungal cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibition of fungal nucleic acid synthesis |
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Term
| block parasitic DNA replication |
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Definition
| Chloroquine Pentamidine Metronidazole |
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Term
| block parasitic folic acid biosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibit parasitic protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bind to the ribosome of parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits the folic acid biosynthetic pathway of parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits parasitic DNA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple paths: inhibit glucose transport and fumurate reductase, disrupts microtubles of the parasite |
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Term
| Inhibition of Neuromuscular Action |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| GABA antagonists; stimulate phagocytic cells to consume parasite |
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Term
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Definition
| Block neuromuscular action; GABA antagonists |
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Term
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Definition
| purulent (presence of pus) skin disease |
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Term
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Definition
| severe itching (pruritic as adj) |
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Term
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Definition
| redness of skin (erythematous as adj) |
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Term
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Definition
| exuded matter: material composed of serum that escapes from blood vessels into a superficial lesion or area of inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| serum; thin, watery consistency |
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Term
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Definition
| release of purulent matter |
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Term
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Definition
| dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin; scab |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Bartonella henselae
Eikenella corrodens
Nocardia brasiliensis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Term
| Abscesses, Furuncles, Carbuncles |
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Definition
Actinomyces israelii
Pasteurella multocida
Staphylococcus aureus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ulcers/Malignant pustules (eschars)/Granulomas |
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Definition
Bacillus anthracis
Dracunculus medinesis
Francisella tularensis
Leishmania spp.
Orf virus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium spp (MOTTS)
Sporothrix schenckii
Spirillum minus |
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Term
| Myonecrosis/Necrotising Fasciitis |
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Definition
Clostridium perfringens
Streptococcus pyogenes
Vibrio vulnificus |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Term
| Cutaneous dysplasias (warts, etc |
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Definition
Human Papilloma Virus
Molluscum contagiosum |
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Term
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Definition
Candida albicans
Malassezia spp. (furfur)
Microsporum, Trichophyton,
& Epidermophyton species |
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Term
| Intra-abdominal Abscesses |
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Definition
Bacteroides fragilis
Enterococcus faecalis |
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Term
| Osteomyelitis and Myositis |
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Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Salmonella spp.
Pseudomonas spp.
Trichinella spiralis |
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Term
| folliculitis; nail burn infections; otitis externa |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Streptobacillus moniliformis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infected hair follicle; follicule surrounded by erythematous, edematous area ; pus accumulates at the site |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized vesicles filled with “pus” (leukocytes) Similar to follicultis BUT not associated with a hair follicle |
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Term
| treatment for pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Definition
| beta lactams with aminioglycosides or fluoroquinolones; hyperimmune globulins from pooled sera |
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Term
| treatment for streptococcus pyogenes |
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Definition
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