Term
| Bacillus anthracis (Virulence factors) |
|
Definition
Capsule production:
-plasmid-mediated synthesis
-anti-phagocytic
-not specific antigen
Anthrax toxin:
-Protective Antigen(PA)- binds host
cell membrane, exposes secondary
binding site
-Edema Factor(EF)- combines with PA
to form PA-EF. EF= calmodulin
dependent adenylate cyclase the inc
intracellular cAMP and results in
edema
-LF combines with PA: PA-LF. LF=
protease inhibitor, mechanism of
action still unknown(cleaves MAP
kinase --> cell death |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis (Spectrum of diseases) cutaneous anthrax |
|
Definition
: through the skin
Entrance through cut or abrasion
Produces itchy vesicle that hemorrhages
Vesicle ruptures and leaves necrotic ulcer
Scab forms over ulcer |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis (Spectrum of diseases) pulonary anthrax |
|
Definition
inhale org. or spores
Spores are inhaled and attach to
aveoli
Phagocytosed by MAC’s
Carried to lymph nodes and multiply
Produce hemorrhaging in several
organs |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis (Spectrum of diseases) gastrointestinal anthrax |
|
Definition
: ingestion by food
Penetrate GI tract and multiply
Spread to regional lymph nodes
Causes edema and sepsis |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis (Treatment) |
|
Definition
| Penicillin, doxycycline, & ciprofloxacin |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus cereus (Virulence factors) |
|
Definition
Two enterotoxins produced:
Emetic: heat stable
Diarrheal: heat labile |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus cereus (Spectrum of diseases) |
|
Definition
Gastroenteritis
Vomiting, diarrhea, cramping
Ocular infection
Usually a result of trauma
Catheter-related sepsis
Pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis (Treatment) |
|
Definition
| Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin |
|
|
Term
| Listeria monocytogenes (Virulence factors) |
|
Definition
Cytolytic hemolysis:
-Listeriolysin O
-Phospholipase C enzymes
Mech of action:
Phagolysosome phagocytizes bacteria
Acis pH activates cytolytic hemolysis
Bacteria release into host cell cytoplasm
Become encapsulated by actin filaments
Actin tail allows it to move to cell surface
Protrusions penetrate neighboring cell
Bacteria move cell to cell
Never exposed to immune response |
|
|
Term
| Listeria monocytogenes (Spectrum of diseases) |
|
Definition
Infection caused by contaminated food
Usually occur in high risk populations:
-Elderly
-Immunocompromised persons
Neonatal diseases:
-Early on-set
-Granulomatosis Infantiseptica
*Both frequently cause abortion
-Late on-set
Flu-like symptoms in healthy adults
Meningitis in immunocompromised adults
-Cancer pt & renal transplant
recipients
Endocarditis in elderly. |
|
|
Term
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Virulence factors) |
|
Definition
Microaerophilic
Zoonosis infection (animal to human)
Usually occupational
-Swine and turkey handlers
Infection thru compromised skin |
|
|
Term
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Spectrum of Diseases) |
|
Definition
Erysipeloid: skin infection
Septicemia |
|
|
Term
| Erysiopelothrix rhusiopathiae (Treatment) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae (no spores) (Virulence factors) |
|
Definition
Four major types of C. Diphtheriae:
Gravis, Intermedius, Mitis, Belfanti
*Gravis and Mitis assoc. w/disease
Non-invasive bacteria
Disease caused by intoxication by endotoxin, not bacteria itself
Toxin released as proenzyme
Mech of action:
β-phage incorporated in bact. genome
Lysogenic β-phage produces exotoxin
Trypsin cleaves it into Frag-A and Frag-B
A & B held together by disulfide bond
Frag-B binds target, Frag-A taken into cell
Frag-A is a mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase(toxic portion)
Frag-A modifies Elongation Factor 2
Modified EF-2 cannot bind to ribosome -->inhibits elongation which inhibits protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Corynebacterium Diphtheriae (no spores) (Spectrum of diseases) |
|
Definition
Diseases by affected tissues:
Heart = Myocarditis
Nerve = Demyelization
Kidney = Tubular necrosis
In respiratory tract:
Toxin induces production of a coagulum
Fibrin, WBC, RBC, epithelium, bact.
Removal=bleeding edematous submucosa
Can cause death by suffocation
Respiratory Tract Diptheria:
Anterior nasal: nasal discharge; mild
Faucial: mild fever, malaise, sore throat,
pharyngeal infection, tonsillitis. Severe
cases lead to bulk neck
Laryngeal: hoarseness, dyspnea, stridor
Edema can cause resp. obstruction
Systemic complications:
Cardiac toxicity
Neurologic toxicity
Cutaneous Diphtheria:
Non-healing ulcers on skin
Non-progressive
Rarely associated with intoxication |
|
|
Term
| Corynebacterium Diphtheriae (no spores) (Treatment) |
|
Definition
Diphtheria antitoxin
ASAP after diagnosis
Penicillin or Erythromycin
DPT vaccination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intravascular catheters
Hematologic disorders
Treatment: Vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| Corynebacterium urealyticum |
|
Definition
Infects urinary tract
Alkanizes urine causing Kidney stones
Treat with vancomycin |
|
|
Term
Corynebacterium pseuddotuberculosis
Corynebacterium ulcerans |
|
Definition
Both carry Tox gene
C. ulcerans can cause diseases that are essentially identical to C. diphtheriae
Treat with vancomycin |
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