General Condition & Disease Suffixes
These indicate disorders, diseases, or abnormal states:
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-algia – pain (e.g., neuralgia)
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-emia – blood condition (e.g., ischemia)
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-itis – inflammation (e.g., myocarditis, meningitis)
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-osis – abnormal condition (e.g., neurosis, thrombosis)
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-pathy – disease (e.g., cardiomyopathy, neuropathy)
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-plegia – paralysis (e.g., hemiplegia)
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-sclerosis – hardening (e.g., arteriosclerosis, multiple sclerosis)
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-spasm – involuntary contraction (e.g., vasospasm)
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-stenosis – narrowing (e.g., aortic stenosis)
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-megaly – enlargement (e.g., cardiomegaly)
Surgical & Procedural Suffixes
These relate to surgical interventions or diagnostic procedures:
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-ectomy – surgical removal (e.g., endarterectomy)
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-otomy – cutting into (e.g., ventriculotomy)
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-ostomy – creating an opening (e.g., ventriculostomy)
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-plasty – surgical repair (e.g., angioplasty)
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-graphy – process of recording (e.g., angiography, electroencephalography)
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-gram – record or image (e.g., electrocardiogram)
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-scope – instrument for viewing (e.g., endoscope)
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-scopy – visual examination (e.g., angioscopy)
Functional & Descriptive Suffixes
These describe function, presence, or characteristics:
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-genic / -genesis – producing or origin (e.g., neurogenic)
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-lysis – breakdown or destruction (e.g., thrombolysis)
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-rrhage / -rrhagia – bursting forth (e.g., hemorrhage)
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-rrhaphy – surgical suturing (e.g., cardiorrhaphy)
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-rrhea – flow or discharge (e.g., rhinorrhea)
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-stasis – stopping or controlling (e.g., hemostasis)
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-trophy – development or nourishment (e.g., hypertrophy)
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-lepsy – seizure (e.g., epilepsy)
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-mania – obsession (e.g., pyromania)
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-phobia – fear (e.g., agoraphobia)
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-esthesia – sensation (e.g., anesthesia)
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-kinesia / -kinesis – movement (e.g., dyskinesia)
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-taxia – coordination (e.g., ataxia)
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-cele – hernia or swelling (e.g., meningocele)
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-oma – tumor or mass (e.g., neuroma)
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-blast – immature cell (e.g., neuroblast)
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