Entero-

intestine, usually the small intestine 

Hepato-

the liver 

Chole-

bile or gallbladder

Pancreato-

pancreas

Or/o-

mouth

Esophago-

esophagus

Procto-

Rectum or anus

Nephro-

Kidney

Ren-/Reno-

kidney

Cysto-

Urinary bladder

Uro-

urine or urinary tract

Uretero-

ureter

Urethro-

uretha

pyelo-

renal pelvis(part of the kidney)

-algia

pain

-ase

enzyme

-cele

hernia, swelling, or protrusion

-chezia

defecation

-ectasia

dilation or expansion

-ectomy

surgical removal

-emesis

vomiting

-itis

inflammation

-megaly

enlargment

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eating or swallowing

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhea 

flow or discharge

-scope

Instrument for viewing

-scopy 

visual examination

-stomy

Surgically created opening

-tomy

surgical incision

-uria

urine or urination

-uresis

urination

-esis

conditon or process

-lysis

breakdown or destruction

-lith

stone

-lithiasis

Formation or presence of stones 

-ectomy

surgical removal

-plasty

surgical repair

-pexy

surgical fixation

-stomy

Surgically created opening

-tomy

surgical incision

-scopy

visual examination

-scope

Instrument for viewing

-megaly

enlargement

-itis

inflammation

-osis

abnormal condition

-algia 

pian

-rrhaphy

Surgical suturing or repair

Or/O

mouth

stomat/o

mouth

gloss/o

tongue

ling/u

tongue

Odont/o

tooth

dent/o

tooth

gingiv/o

gums

cheli/o 

lip

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

enter/o

intestine

duoden/o

duodenum

jejun/o

jejunum

lle/o

ileum

col/o

colon

colon/o

colon

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

rect/o

rectum

proct/o

rectum and anus

hepat/o

liver

chol/e

bile or gallbladder

cholecyst/o

gallbladder 

pancreat/o

pancreas 

append/o

appendix

splen/o

spleen

nephr/o

kidney

ren/o

kidney

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

uretha

cyst/o

urinary bladder

vesic/o

urinary bladder

Ur/o

urine or urinary tract

urin/o

urine

pyel/o

renal pelvis

glomerul/o

glomerulus of the kidney

azot/o

nitrogenous compounds

lith/o

stone

calcul/o

stone or calculus

renal/o

kidney

tubul/o

tubule

cortic/o

cortex

medull/o

medulla

calic/o 

opening or meatus

ureter/o

ureter

cyst/o

bladder or sac

nephrid/o

kidney

urin/o

urine

urinari/o

urinary system or urine

GI — Gastrointestinal

Relating to the stomach and intestines

GERD — Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus

IBS — Irritable bowel syndrome

disorder causing abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits

IBD — Inflammatory bowel disease

Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract

IBD — Inflammatory bowel disease

chronic inflammation of the digestive tract

UC — Ulcerative colitis

Inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum

Crohn's disease —

Chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract

PUD — Peptic ulcer disease

Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum

H. pylori — Helicobacter pylori

Bacteria associated with stomach ulcers and gastritis

ERCP — Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Procedure used to examine and treat bile and pancreatic ducts

EGD — Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with an endoscope

PEG — Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Procedure for placing a feeding tube into the stomach

LFTs — Liver function tests

Blood tests used to assess liver function

ALT — Alanine aminotransferase

enzyme commonly measured to evaluate liver injury

AST — Aspartate aminotransferase

enzyme that can increase with liver or other tissue injury

NG tube — Nasogastric tube

Tube inserted through the nose into the stomach

McBurney point —

Eponym for a point on the abdomen associated with tenderness in appendicitis

GU — Genitourinary

relating to the urinary and reproductive systems

UTI — Urinary tract infection

Infection of the urinary system

UA — Urinalysis

Laboratory examination of urine

BUN — Blood urea nitrogen

Blood test measuring urea nitrogen

Cr — Creatinine

Waste product measured to help assess kidney function

AKI — Acute kidney injury

Sudden decrease in kidney function

CKD — Chronic kidney disease

Long-term loss or impairment of kidney function

ESRD — End-stage renal disease

Severe kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplantation

GFR — Glomerular filtration rate

estimate of how well the kidneys filter blood

eGFR — Estimated glomerular filtration rate

Calculated estimate of kidney filtration ability

BPH — Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate

TURP — Transurethral resection of the prostate

Procedure to remove prostate tissue through the urethra

IVP — Intravenous pyelogram

Imaging examination of the urinary tract using contrast material

ESWL — Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

procedure that uses shock waves to break up kidney stones