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Med 108 lesson 4 Andrea M week 1
week 1 cardiovascular and nervous system
127
Medical
Undergraduate 1
05/21/2026

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
brady-
Definition
meaning slow
Term
endo-
Definition
meaning inside, or within
Term
epi-
Definition
meaning upon, over, or on top
Term
hyper-
Definition
excessive or above normal
Term
hypo-
Definition
under or below
Term
peri-
Definition
around
Term
tacky-
Definition
fast
Term
a-
Definition
meaning is without
Term
an-
Definition
meaning is without, not
Term
dys-
Definition
meaning difficult, painful, abnormal
Term
hemi-
Definition
meaning half
Term
hyper-
Definition
meaning excessive or above normal
Term
in-
Definition
meaning not, inward
Term
inter-
Definition
meaning between
Term
intra-
Definition
meaning within, inside
Term
pan-
Definition
meaning is all, entire
Term
para-
Definition
meaning beside abnormal
Term
poly-
Definition
meaning many
Term
post-
Definition
meaning after
Term
pre-
Definition
meaning before
Term
sub-
Definition
meaning under, below
Term
-algia
Definition
meaning pain
Term
-cele
Definition
meaning hernia, swelling
Term
-cyte
Definition
meaning cell
Term
-ectomy
Definition
meaning surgical removal
Term
-genic
Definition
meaning producing, originating, or causing
Term
-gram
Definition
meaning record, image
Term
-graph
Definition
meaning instrument used to record
Term
-graphy
Definition
meaning process of recording
Term
-iatrist
Definition
meaning Specialist in treatment
Term
-iatry
Definition
meaning meaning field of medicine treatment
Term
-itis
Definition
meaning inflammation
Term
-lepsy
Definition
meaning seizure
Term
-logist
Definition
meaning Specialist in a field of study
Term
-malacia
Definition
meaning abnormal softening
Term
-mania
Definition
meaning madness or excessive preoccupation
Term
-oid
Definition
meaning resembling or like
Term
-ome
Definition
meaning tumor, swelling
Term
-pathy
Definition
meaning disease
Term
-phobia
Definition
meaning fear
Term
-rrhaphy
Definition
meaning suturing or stitching
Term
-tomy
Definition
meaning cutting or surgical incision
Term
-tropic
Definition
meaning having an affinity for, influencing
Term
alges/o
Definition
meaning sensitivity to pain
Term
cephal/o
Definition
meaning head
Term
cerebr/o
Definition
meaning brain, cerebrum
Term
cerebell/o
Definition
meaning cerebellum (part of the brain)
Term
concuss/o
Definition
meaning to shake violently
Term
crani/o
Definition
meaning skull
Term
dur/o
Definition
meaning dura matter (outermost layer of the meninges)
Term
encephal/o
Definition
meaning brain
Term
esthesi/o
Definition
meaning sensation, feeling
Term
gangli/o, ganglion/o
Definition
meaning ganglion (a cluster of nerve cell bodies)
Term
hydro/o
Definition
meaning water, fluid
Term
lob/o
Definition
meaning lobe
Term
ment/o
Definition
meaning mind, chin
Term
mening/o, meningi/o
Definition
meaning meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)
Term
mon/o
Definition
meaning one, single
Term
myel/o
Definition
meaning spinal cord, bone marrow
Term
nuero/o, nuero/i
Definition
meaning nerve
Term
phas/o
Definition
meaning speech
Term
poli/o
Definition
meaning gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord)
Term
pont/o
Definition
meaning pons (a part of the brain stem)
Term
psych/o
Definition
meaning mind
Term
radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o
Definition
meaning nerve root
Term
vag/o
Definition
meaning vagus nerve (a cranial nerve)
Term
A-fib(atrial fibrillation
Definition
meaning is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can lead to poor blood flow. the atria (upper Chambers of the heart) beat chaotically, which can increase the risk of a stroke and heart related complications.
Term
AED (automated external defribrillation)
Definition
is a portable device that can detect life threatening cardiac arrhythmias  and deliver and electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm, typically used during sudden cardiac arrest.
Term
CABG ( Coronary Artery Bypass Graft)
Definition
is a surgical procedure that improves blood flow to the heart by using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to bypass a blocked Coronary Artery, restoring oxygen rich blood flow to the heart muscle.
Term
CAD (Coronary Artery Disease)
Definition
is the narrowing or blockage of the Coronary arteries due to the build up of plaque, reducing blood flow to the heart. It is the most common cause of heart attacks.
Term
Card cath, CC ( Cardiac Catherization)
Definition
is a procedure used to diagnose and treat cardio conditions by inserting a thin tube (catheter) into the heart through blood vessels, often used to examine blockages or perform treatments like angioplasty.
Term
CVI (Chronic Venous Insuffiancy)
Definition
occurs when veins in the legs don't allow blood to flow back properly to the heart, causing blood to pool in the veins. This can lead to symptoms such as swelling, varicose veins, and skin changes.
Term
EKG, ECG (Electrocardiogram)
Definition
is a test that measures the electrical activity of the myocardium to detect abnormalities in heart rhythm, structure, or function.
Term
HTN (hypertension)
Definition
commonly known as high blood pressure, occurs when the force of blood against Artery walls is too high, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems.
Term
ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator)
Definition
is a device implanted in the chest or abdomen to monitor heart rhythm and deliver shocks if dangerous arrhythmias are detected, preventing sudden cardiac arrest.
Term
MI (myocardial infarction or heart attack)
Definition
occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. This is often caused by a blockage of one or more coronary arteries.
Term
PAD (Peripheral Artery Disease)
Definition
is a condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, commonly the legs. It can cause leg pain and increase the risk of heart disease or stroke.
Term
PVD (Peripheral Vascular Disease)
Definition
is a circulation disorder that affects blood vessels outside the heart and brain, often causing reduced blood flow to the arms and legs, leading to pain or cramping.
Term
Tpa (Tissue plasminogen Activator)
Definition
is a clot-dissolving medication used in the treatment of stroke or heart attack by breaking down blood clots that obstruct blood flow to vital organs.
Term
TST (Treadmill Stress Test)
Definition
is a diagnostic test that involves walking on a treadmill will monitoring heart activity to assess how the heart functions during physical stress.
Term
V-fib (Ventricular Fibrillation)
Definition
is a life threatening arrhythmia in which the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) quiver instead of pumping blood effectively, often leading to cardiac arrest.
Term
OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
Definition
is a mental health disorder characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that a person feels driven to perform to reduce anxiety.
Term
PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
Definition
is a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It is characterized by flashbacks, severe anxiety, and controllable thoughts about the event.
Term
Sz (seizure)
Definition
is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, or consciousness. Seizures can vary in severity and are often associated with epilepsy.
Term
TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) or (Mini stroke)
Definition
occurs when there is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve within a few minutes to hours without permanant damage.
Term
AD (Alzheimer's Disease)
Definition
is a progressive neurological Disorder that leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It primarily affects older adults and is the most common cause of dementia.
Term
ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
Definition
also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease is a progressive narrow degenerative Disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventually respiratory failure.
Term
ADHD (Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder)
Definition
is a narrow developmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that interfere with daily functioning or development.
Term
CP (Cerebral Palsy)
Definition
is a group of disorder that affect movement, muscle tone, or poster, caused by damage to the developing brain, typically before or after birth.
Term
CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)
Definition
is the clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and acting as a medium for nutrient and waste exchange.
Term
EEG (ElectroEncephalogram)
Definition
is a diagnostic test that records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp, often used to detect seizures, brain disorders, or sleep disturbance.
Term
ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
Definition

 refers to the pressure inside the skull and brain. Elevated ICP can result from head injury, brain swelling, or other neurological conditionals and can lead to serious complications if not managed.

Term
LOC ( Level of consciousness)
Definition
refers to a person's state of awareness, ranging from full alertness to deep coma. It is often used to assess a patient's function after injury or illness.
Term
LP (Lumbar Puncture) or (spinal tap)
Definition
is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the lower back to collect Cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic testing, often used to diagnose conditions like meningitis like multiple sclerosis.
Term
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
Definition
is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to damage to myelin sheath that protects the nerve fibers, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and difficulty with coordination.
Term
-crasia
Definition
meaning a mixture or blending
Term
-emia
Definition
meaning blood condition
Term
-ectomy
Definition
meaning surgical removal
Term
-graphy
Definition
meaning process of recording
Term
-itis
Definition
meaning inflammation
Term
-lysis
Definition
meaning destruction, breakdown
Term
-megaly
Definition
meaning enlargement
Term
-osis
Definition
meaning abnormal condition
Term
-penia
Definition
meaning deficiency
Term
-plasty
Definition
meaning surgical repair
Term
-rrhage
Definition
meaning bursting forth, excessive flow
Term
-stasis
Definition
meaning stopping, controlling
Term
-cytosis
Definition
meaning condition of cells
Term
angi/o
Definition
meaning vessel (usually blood or lymph)
Term

aort/o

Definition
meaning aorta
Term
arteri/o
Definition
meaning Artery
Term
ather/o
Definition
meaning fatty plaque
Term
capillar/o
Definition
meaning capillaries (the smallest blood vessels)
Term
cardi/o
Definition
meaning heart
Term
chrom/o, chromatic/o
Definition
meaning color
Term
erythr/o
Definition
meaning red
Term
hem/o, hemat/o
Definition
meaning blood
Term
isch/o
Definition
meaning restriction, deficiency
Term
leuk/o
Definition
meaning white
Term
my/o
Definition
meaning muscle
Term
phlem/o
Definition
meaning vein
Term
scler/o
Definition
meaning hardening
Term
sten/o
Definition
meaning narrowing
Term
thromb/o
Definition
meaning clot
Term
valvul/o
Definition
meaning valve
Term
vas/o
Definition
meaning vessel
Term
ven/o
Definition
meaning vein
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