brady-

1. Meaning: Slow

   Example: Bradycardia – a slow heart rate (below 60 beats per minute).

1. Meaning: Inside, within

   Example: Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

Meaning: Upon, over, on top

Example: Epicardium – the outer layer of the heart.

Meaning: Excessive, above normal

Example: Hyperlipidemia – elevated levels of lipids in the blood.

Meaning: under or below

Example: orthostatic hypotension – low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.

Meaning: Around

Example: Pericardium – the membranous sac that contains the heart

Meaning: Fast

Example: Tachycardia – a fast heart rate (over 100 beats per minute

Meaning: A mixture or blending (often used in relation to blood)

Example: Dyscrasia – an abnormal condition of the blood.

Meaning: Blood condition

Example: Ischemia – a condition where the blood supply to a part of the body, often the heart, is restricted or reduced.

Meaning: Surgical removal

Example: Atherectomy – removal of plaque from an artery

Meaning: Process of recording

Example: Electrocardiography – recording the electrical activity of the heart.

Meaning: Inflammation

Example: Myocarditis – inflammation of the heart muscle.

Meaning: Destruction, breakdown

Example: Thrombolysis – the breakdown of a blood clot.

Meaning: Enlargement

Example: Cardiomegaly – enlargement of the heart

Meaning: Abnormal condition

Example: Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries

• Meaning: Deficiency

  Example: Leukopenia – a deficiency of white blood cells.

Meaning: Surgical repair

Example: Valvuloplasty – surgical repair of a heart valve

   Meaning: Bursting forth, excessive flow

Example: Hemorrhage – excessive bleeding (in a short amount of time).

• Meaning: Stopping, controlling

  Example: Hemostasis – stopping of blood flow.

• Meaning: Condition of cells

  Example: Thrombocytosis – an abnormal increase in the number of platelets.

Definition: A-fib is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can lead to poor blood flow. The atria (upper chambers of the heart) beat chaotically, which can increase the risk of stroke and heart-related complications.

Definition: An AED is a portable device that can detect life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and deliver an electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm, typically used during sudden cardiac arrest.

CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft)

CAD (Coronary Artery Disease)

Card cath, CC (Cardiac Catheterization)

CVI (Chronic Venous Insufficiency)

EKG, ECG (Electrocardiogram)

HTN (Hypertension)

ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator)

MI (Myocardial Infarction)

PAD (Peripheral Artery Disease)

PVD (Peripheral Vascular Disease)

Tpa (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

TST (Treadmill Stress Test)

V-fib (Ventricular Fibrillation)

Meaning: Without

Example: Aphasia – a condition characterized by the complete loss of ability to speak or understand language

Meaning: Without, not

Example: Anencephaly – a condition where a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp is absent.

Meaning: Difficult, painful, abnormal

Example: Dysphasia – difficulty speaking

hemi-

Meaning: Half

Example: Hemiparesis – weakness on one side of the body

hyper-

Meaning: Excessive, above normal

Example: Hyperreflexia – exaggerated reflexes.

 in-

Meaning: Not, inward

Example: Insomnia – inability to sleep.

inter-

Meaning: Between

Example: Interneuron – a neuron that transmits signals between other neurons.

intra-

Meaning: Within, inside

Example: Intracranial – located or occurring within the skull.

pan-

Meaning: All, entire

Example: Panhypopituitarism – decreased function of all pituitary hormones, affecting the nervous system.

para-

Meaning: Beside, abnormal

Example: Paraplegia – paralysis of the lower half of the body.

poly-

Meaning: Many

Example: Polyneuropathy – damage or disease affecting multiple nerves.

post-

Meaning: After

Example: Postictal – the state following a seizure.

 pre-

Meaning: Before

Example: Presynaptic – relating to the area before a synapse.

sub-

Meaning: Under, below

Example: Subdural – located beneath the dura mater, a membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

-algia

Meaning: Pain

Example: Neuralgia – nerve pain.

Meaning: Hernia, swelling

Example: Meningocele – hernial protrusion of the meninges

Meaning: Cell

Example: Gliocyte – a glial cell.

Meaning: Surgical removal

Example: Ganglionectomy – surgical removal of a ganglion.

-genic

Meaning: Producing, originating, or causing

Example: Myogenic – originating in muscle tissue but affecting the nervous system.

-gram

Meaning: Record or image

Example: Myelogram – an imaging record of the spinal cord.

-graph

Meaning: Instrument used to record

Example: Electroencephalograph – an instrument for recording brain activity.

-graphy

Meaning: Process of recording

Example: Myelography – imaging of the spinal cord.

-iatrist

Meaning: Specialist in treatment

Example: Psychiatrist – a specialist in treating mental disorders.

-iatry

Meaning: Field of medicine, treatment

Example: Psychiatry – the medical field focusing on mental health.

-itis

Meaning: Inflammation

Example: Encephalitis – inflammation of the brain.

-lepsy

Meaning: Seizure

Example: Epilepsy – a condition characterized by recurrent seizures.

-logist

Meaning: Specialist in a field of study

Example: Psychologist – a specialist in the study of the mind and behavior.

-malacia

Meaning: Abnormal softening

Example: Encephalomalacia – softening of the brain tissue.

-mania

Meaning: Madness or excessive preoccupation

Example: Pyromania – excessive preoccupation with fire (can involve neurological or psychiatric evaluation).

-oid

Meaning: Resembling or like

Example: Myeloid – resembling or related to the spinal cord or bone marrow.

-oma

Meaning: Tumor, swelling

Example: Glioma – a tumor of glial cells.

-pathy

Meaning: Disease

Example: Radiculopathy – a disease or disorder affecting a nerve root.

-phobia

Meaning: Fear

Example: Agoraphobia – fear of open or public spaces, related to mental health.

-rrhaphy

Meaning: Suturing or stitching

Example: Myelorraphy – suturing of the spinal cord.

-tomy

Meaning: Cutting or surgical incision

Example: Neurotomy – surgical incision into a nerve.

-tropic

Meaning: Having an affinity for, influencing

Example: Psychotropic – substances that affect mental activity, behavior, or perception.

alges/o

Meaning: Sensitivity to pain

Example: Analgesic – a medication that reduces or eliminates pain.

cephal/o

Meaning: Head

Example: Cephalalgia – a headache.

Meaning: Head

Example: Cephalalgia – a headache.

cerebr/o

Meaning: Brain, cerebrum

Example: Cerebrospinal – relating to the brain and spinal cord.

Meaning: Brain, cerebrum

Example: Cerebrospinal – relating to the brain and spinal cord.

cerebell/o

Meaning: Cerebellum (part of the brain)

Example: Cerebellitis – inflammation of the cerebellum.

Meaning: Cerebellum (part of the brain)

Example: Cerebellitis – inflammation of the cerebellum.

concuss/o

Meaning: To shake violently

Example: Concussion – a violent shaking of the brain, often due to injury.

crani/o

Meaning: Skull

Example: Craniotomy – a surgical incision into the skull.

dur/o

Meaning: Dura mater (outermost layer of the meninges)

Example: Subdural – located beneath the dura mater.

encephal/o

Meaning: Brain

Example: Encephalopathy – a disease of the brain.

esthesi/o

Meaning: Sensation, feeling

Example: Anesthesia – loss of sensation, typically induced for medical procedures.

gangli/o, ganglion/o

Meaning: Ganglion (a cluster of nerve cell bodies)

Example: Ganglioneuroma – a tumor of a nerve ganglion

hydr/o

Meaning: Water, fluid

Example: Hydrocephalus – an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain.

Meaning: Water, fluid

Example: Hydrocephalus – an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain.

lob/o

Meaning: Lobe

Example: Lobectomy – surgical removal of a lobe of the brain.

ment/o

Meaning: Mind, chin

Example: Dementia – a decline in mental abilities, typically due to disease or injury.

Meaning: Mind, chin

Example: Dementia – a decline in mental abilities, typically due to disease or injury.

mening/o, meningi/o

Meaning: Meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

Example: Meningitis – inflammation of the meninges.

mon/o

Meaning: One, single

Example: Monoplegia – paralysis of one limb.

myel/o

Meaning: Spinal cord, bone marrow

Example: Myelitis – inflammation of the spinal cord.

neur/o, neur/i

Meaning: Nerve

Example: Neurology – the study of the nervous system.

phas/o

Meaning: Speech

Example: Paraphasia – a condition in which a person substitutes incorrect words, sounds, or non-words in their speech.

poli/o

Meaning: Gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord)

Example: Poliomyelitis – an infectious disease affecting the gray matter of the spinal cord.

pont/o

Meaning: Pons (a part of the brainstem)

Example: Pontocerebellar – relating to the pons and cerebellum.

psych/o

Meaning: Mind

Example: Psychiatry – the study and treatment of mental illness.

radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o

Meaning: Nerve root

Example: Radiculodynia – pain caused by irritation or injury to the nerve roots.

vag/o

Meaning: Vagus nerve (a cranial nerve)

Example: Vagotomy – surgical cutting of the vagus nerve

AD (Alzheimer's Disease)

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

CP (Cerebral Palsy)

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

ICP (Intracranial Pressure)

LOC (Level of Consciousness)

Definition: Level of consciousness refers to a person's state of awareness, ranging from full alertness to deep coma. It is often used to assess a patient's neurological function after injury or illness.

LP (Lumbar Puncture)

MS (Multiple Sclerosis)

OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Sz (Seizure)

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

Meaning: Vessel (usually blood or lymph)

Example: Angioplasty – a procedure to mechanically widen a narrowed or blocked blood vessels.

Meaning: Aorta

Example: Aortostenosis– narrowing of the aorta.

arteri/o

Meaning: Artery

Example: Arteriogram– an xray of an artery.

ather/o

Meaning: Fatty plaque

Example: Atheroma– a fatty deposit or plaque within the wall of an artery.

capillar/o

Meaning: Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels)

Example: capillaroscope – an instrument used to examine capillaries.

cardi/o

Meaning: Heart

Example: Cardiomyopathy – the general term for diseases that affect the heart muscle.

chrom/o, chromat/o

Meaning: Color

Example: Hemochromatosis – a condition where excess iron is stored in the body, affecting skin color.

erythr/o

Meaning: Red

Example: Erythrocyte – a red blood cell

hem/o, hemat/o

Meaning: Blood

Example: Hemoglobin– a protein in red blood cells.

isch/o

Meaning: Restriction, deficiency

Example: Ischemic– a condition or process involving restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

leuk/o

Meaning: White

Example: Leukocyte – a white blood cell.

my/o

Meaning: Muscle

Example: Myocardium – the muscular tissue of the heart

phleb/o

Meaning: Vein

Example: Phlebotomy – the process of making an incision into a vein, typically to draw blood.

scler/o

Meaning: Hardening

Example: Sclerotherapy – a treatment method used to harden and close off abnormal or damaged blood vessels such as varicose veins.

sten/o

.

Meaning: Narrowing

Example: Stenocardia - a condition of chest pain caused by the narrowing of blood vessels to the heart

thromb/o

Meaning: Clot

Example: Thrombosis – formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.

valvul/o

Meaning: Valve

Example: Valvulopathy – a disease or disorder affecting the heart valves.

vas/o

Meaning: Vessel

Example: Vasospasm – A sudden constriction of a blood vessel

ven/o

Meaning: Vein

Example: Venous – related to the veins.