capture attention of policy makers and media

emphasize that people and their capabilities should b the ultimate critria for development

brings light to disparities in development (also within country)

HDI

Longetivity

HDI

Knowledge

HDI

Standard of living

offers only broad veiw not true measure of development of a country

does not consider gender inequalities within a country

Gender Related Development Index

-measures average acheivement of a population in the same dimensions as HDI while adjusting for gender inequalities

Gender Empowerment Measure

- captures gender inequalities in political participation, economic participation and power over economic resources

Human Poverty Index

-measures the level of poverty in the country and the opportunities people have to get out of poverty

what are some causes of underdevelopment?

(8)

Malnutrition

Natural Hazards

Trade

Poverty and Inequality

Lack of Resources

Corruption

War

Colonialism

cycle of colonialism (come, control and take, leave)

indigenous people work for colonialist population for very low wages

when colonists leave indigenous people lose everything

people are killed or injured most of wich are young working age males

funds directed towards wa effort that could be used better

infrastructure is destroyed

crops are not harvested and many sources of food and wter become unreliable

misuse of poer can cause a country to remain impovershed

gov steals money or mistreats people

minimal natural resources affect development b/c puts country at disadvantage internationally as well as nationally 

lack of natural resources can cause strain on population

not all LEDC's can thrive on their own

LEDC's are taken advantage of by MEDC's through unfain trade agreements

LEDC's export cheaper good then they import

trading blocks restrict trade and prevent LEDC's from growing

eg)drought, volcano, hurricane, tsunami, earthquake

all can kill, destroy crops and settlement

over extended periods of time leads to problems with growth of body and brain

workforce less productive when weak

not only a result but a cause of poverty

1. Traditional Society

2. Preconditions for takeoff

3. take off to maturity

4. Drive to maturity 

5. Age of Mass Consumption

country in a traditional subsistence economy

largely based on agriculture w/ little manufacturing

low levels of population growth

economy starts to make small shifts

begins to develop urban system

inequalitites develop b/w growing core & underdeveloped periphery

pop increases

economy expands rapidly espessially manufactured goods

regional inequalities intensify

Natural-most MEDC's

Forced-ex-socialist countries

Planned-now in newly industrialized countries

economy becomes diversified

service industry becomes develope

growth spreads to other regions

pop. growth begins to slow and stabalize

advanced urban industrial systems

high production and consumption of consumer gods

pop.growth slows consideraby

anglo centric-based on experience of N.A. and Europe

aspatial-doesnt look at vaiations within the country