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| numeral assigned to an object, event, or person of the (category) to which an object, event, or person is assigned according to rules |
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| set of procedures that guide the process of obtaining a measurement; includes descriptions of the attribute (the person, place, thing, characteristic and so forth) that is to be measured, the conditions under which the measurement is to be taken, and the actions that are to be taken in order to obtain the measurement. What an attribute is and how it is measured |
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| (soundness in operations) measures what its supposed to |
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| (consistency) get the same measure |
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| what decimal place value extends to (4.019 more precise than 4.02) |
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| of an attribute that is obtained as the results of a math operation applied to an existing measurement |
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| transformation of measurements |
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| frowned upon in research to change from, for example, ratio to ordinal levels of measurement. In PT we do it all the time. A person with adhesive capsulitis has WFL ROM (ratio), then they are categorized as acceptable to discharge (ordinal) over unacceptable to discharge. Measurements can also be transformed using descriptive anaylsis (mean, median, and mode). |
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| has a zero no minus or negative value (e.g. ROM) |
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| (e.g. temperature) no zero- not absent |
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| (e.g. MMT) grouped into categories, can hace a mean, median, and mode, need for more operational definitions |
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| categorization by disease types, simplest form of measurement |
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| average squared deviation (difference) from the mean. The sum of all the measurements divided by N. |
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| comparisons used, score is compared with another score that is known to be good. (good or bad measurement based on the appropriate population) |
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| how the measurement stacks up to relevant populations (the norms) |
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used to obtain a measurement (data); may require the use of an instrument
Ex: procedure (PROM) to obtain a measure (an angle) |
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results of testing and measuring; a numeral assigned to an object, event, or person or class (category) to which an object, event, or person is assigned according to rules
Applies a label to something
Either denotes the quality of something or places in category |
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a set of rules that guides these procedures
Includes description of the attribute (the person, place, thing, characteristic), the condition under which the measurement is taken, and the actions that are to be taken in order to obtain the measurement.
Without operational definitions we cannot determine if something is reliable
Theoretical soundness relates to validity |
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variable; a characteristic or quality that is measured
i.e. the amount of motion found at GHJ and type of disc derangement
defining an attribute describing what to look for , what to do, and how to do what is needed in order to obtain desired measurement |
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- a test or group of tests used for the purpose of obtaining measurements
Assess- to measure , place label or quantify
Evaluation- a judgment based on a measurement; judgment of the values or worth of something
Evaluation is not the same as examination |
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- a test or group of tests used for the purpose of obtaining measurements
Assess- to measure , place label or quantify
Evaluation- a judgment based on a measurement; judgment of the values or worth of something
Evaluation is not the same as examination |
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o No measurement should be obtained unless there is an identified attribute, characteristic, property, dimension, or variable
o Should measure something unless you know what it is
o Meaningful measurements cannot be obtain unless definitions are shared and what the therapist did to obtain the measurement |
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| where to begin when taking a measurement |
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o A system of ordered markers at fixed intervals used as a reference standard in measurement ; a progressive classification, as of size, amount, importance, or rank
o Scales consist of two or more units/categories that are mutually exclusive and exhaustive
Exclusive- when a measurement is applied to an attribute, only one measurement would be appropriate i.e. MMT has to be G or Fair not both
Exhaustive- the requirement no matter what form the attribute may take, there will be a label or quantity available to describe the attribute i.e. different types of McKenzie disc derangements |
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| Scales may reflect more than one attribute at the same time i.e. ADLs scales to measure both level of independence and amount of time performed |
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Ex. ROM, limb length, time, vital signs, and nerve conduction
A ration scale has a 0 point that represents the complete absence of the quantity represented
The interval must all be equal size and cannot have a minus or neg value
• i.e. – 30 degrees is incorrect |
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ex. Temperature
A interval scale has no 0 point that represents the complete absence of the quantity represented
Interval must be equal and can have a negative value |
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Ex. Manual muscle testing, motor performance (Fugl-Myer), ADL test, and most manual grades
Measure are assigned to a number or category that represents an order or rank
The presence or absence of an attribute can be ordered so that absence of a disease is better than the presence of one
Each category must be operationally defined to separate it from the others i.e. good and fair in MMT
• The definitional requirement of ordinal scales are harder than ration and interval
Ordinal data should be characterized by mode and median
• These categories do not represent a percentage ever i.e. MMT Fair does not = 50% of normal |
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• When ordinal scale tests two or more people the summary data only counts the number of people in each category.
• The various categories on the scale can then be added up and the sum of each category expressed as a percentage of the total number of people tested (20% of your patients were fair |
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ex. Dz types, type of low back disorder, type of amputation, and breath sounds
The units are categories representing the difference on a attribute without indicating the order or rank difference
Used to differentiate people/things into groups based on definition
Nominal is the simplest form of measurement |
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| Consists of mathematical differences btwn 2 of the same kinds of measurements taken on the same person at two different points in time |
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| a single numerical value or index, derived from a set of measurements; statistics may summarize or describe all members of a group, dimension, or variable |
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| a single numerical value or index, derived from a set of measurements, that summarizes or describes members of a group on an attribute |
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| obtain from samples and are used to reflect characteristics of a population; used to determine whether sets of data are different or the same- or related to one another |
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| o If the mean, median, and mode are close together it is reasonable to assume the population is essentially |
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