Thermosetting 

CANNOT be reformed,

undergoes permanent change

Can be formed more than

once through reheating and cooling

placed in mold

mold closes

air forces plastic against interior walls

mold opens to remove plastic 

material loaded into mold

mold is closed, part is formed and cured

mold is opened, plastic removed 

plastic is put in and pumped through

heated and molded into part 

plastic into Hopper, heated

dried by air or water 

heat from top, suction from bottom

forms molded shape 

light weight

corrosion resistance

good thermal insulation

good electrical insulation

color integration

POOR at elevated temps

POOR dimensional stability 

Used with liquid perparations

form is repeatedly dipped and dried to build up desired thickness 

Solid Elastomers 

raw material formed by blending

various compunds to produce

a homgeneous structure

Glasses-products manufactured by producing

a viscous liquid, shaping and cooling

Cyristalline Ceramics-products formed by forming moist aggregates or powder into shapes, drying, and bonding 

Particulate Composites - Particles are dispersed in the matrix by intro into a liquid melt

Laminar Composites - various processes are used to form a quality bond between distinct LAYERS of materials

Fiber Reinforced - various processes designed to embed a fiber in a matrix 

removal of unwanted material from a workpiece

getting desired Shape, Size, and Finish 

cutting speed - primary cutting motion and relates to velocity of workpiece

feed rate - amount of material removed per revolution or per pass of tool

depth of cut - distance tool ingages workpiece 

machine tool

workpiece

workholding device

cutting tool 

Cutting Tool Materials:

tool steels 

low cost

good hardness/strength

low speed 

Cutting Tool Materials:

high speed steels 

good for hot hardness

higher speed and life than tool steels

good hardness/resistance to wear 

Cutting Tool Materials:

sintered carbides 

much higher cutting speed than previous

harder and more chemically stable

better hot hardness and stiffness 

Cutting Tool Materials:

ceramics 

higher cutting speed than carbides

don't require coolants

execellent tool life/chemcal properties 

Cutting Tool Materials:

cermets 

best for finishing

higher hot hardness

less tough

not good for interupted cuts 

Cutting Tool Materials:

diamond 

high hardness

thermal conductivity

long tool life

expensive 

Cutting Tool Materials:

cubic boron nitrides 

retains hardness at high temps

low chemical reactivity

high tool life

excellent accuracy, finish 

increase hardness

improve abrasion resistance

improve chemical inertness

increatse tool life

increase cutting speed 

Slow Death Mechanisms - gradual wear

Sudden Death Mechanisms - sudden breaks/fractures 

Material Properties

Tool Life

Cutting Speed 

primarily: coolant

secondarily: lubricant 

-most common method of producing a hole

-makes up 25% of all machining processes

most common

largest percentage of manufactured

coated to improve life/speed 

Body, Point, Shank

center punch (easier to start drilling)

drill (remove material)

bore (location/size)

ream (size and finish) 

base

column (upright)

powerhead (top, with motor)

spindle (holds drill)

worktable (for materials) 

counter boring - screw flush with surface

counter shanking - conic screw flush with surface

spotface - raised surface at hole