Term
Most common form of Brucellosis?
Other forms and animals? |
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Definition
Brucella militensis most common and virulent form
B abortus (cow)
B suis (pig)
B canis (dog) |
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Term
| apart from malaria which of the following infects the largest number of persons world wide? |
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Definition
Schistosomiasis
the order is malaria, schistosomiasis then typanosomiasis |
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Term
| Lassa fever is named after a town in? |
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Definition
nigeria
incubation 7-10 days
virsu shed in urine/saliva of multimammate rats
Infection: inhalation, ingestion, innocultation |
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Term
| which species of malaria is confined almost exclusively to west africa? |
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Definition
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Term
infective dose of s typhii?
what can effect the infective dose? |
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Definition
> 1m organisms
smaller no. of organisms can be infective if gastric acidity is reduced (if pt has had a vagotomy) or if they are on ppi |
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Term
| How to eliminate risk of S typhi? |
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Definition
heat water and food to 60C
why? s typhii does not survive heating above 57C |
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Term
match diseases with their vectors
Typhus
cute leishmaniasis
Plague
Hantavirus |
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Definition
typhus - ticks
cute leishmaniasis - sandflies
Plague - fleas
Hantavirus - fleas |
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Term
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Definition
inhibition of trypanothione reductase and generation of
toxic free radicals |
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Term
MOA bedaquilin (Tb drug)
S/E
used in MDR-TB |
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Definition
inhibits bacteria ATP pump
S/E prolonged Qtc and long T 1/2 |
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Term
| rapid test in chorela outbreak? |
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Definition
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Term
Crancum oris
AKA Noma[image] |
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Definition
orofacial gangrene in malnourished children. often they have had measles or scarlett fever
fusobacterium necrophorum implicated
Mortality high
Rx: Abx and orofacial reconstruction, avoid malnourishment |
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Term
Babeiosis - caused by protozoan genus babesia
Transmitted by ticks[image] |
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Definition
can be mistaken for p falciparum
maltese cross appearance of merozoites arranged in tetrads
Rx: Atovaquone and azithromycin |
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Term
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Definition
crab louse
Pthirius pubis - found in pubes
features: round body. 2nd/3rd legs are thicker |
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Term
dermatobia hominis
human bot fly |
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Definition
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Term
| Capillaria phillipensis egg |
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Definition
Size approx 35L x 25W
disease cause from eating freshwater fish.
capable of auto infection.
Definitive hosts are fish eating birds
Rx: mebendazole |
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Term
| buruli ulcer abx treatment? |
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Definition
8/52
rifam and streptomycin or
rifam and clarithromycin
Streptomycin is contraindicated in pregnancy |
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Term
Gnasthosomiasis
How is it caught?
Rx?[image] |
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Definition
Caught by eating undercook fish
definitive host is carnivores
humans not natural host
Rx: albendazole |
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Term
gnasthosomasis egg
8- x 40
plug at one end |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
pediculus humanus
R prowazekki
epidemic typhus |
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Definition
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Term
| copper penny/ Medlar bodies seen in...[image] |
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Definition
Chromoblastomycosis
chronic fungal infection (Fonsecae pedrosoi)
Rx: antifungals (itraconazole +/_ flucytosine) Cryotherapy, liquid nitrogen
Follows traumatic implantation from contaminated thorns |
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Term
sura is a form of animal trypanosomiasis
casative agents? |
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Definition
T evansi
T suis
Rx: drug chemoprophylaxis |
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Term
| cilliate that is pathogenic to humans[image] |
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Definition
balantidium coli
faecal oral route
from contaminated water
normal host: pig
rx: tetracycline or metronidazole |
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Term
| MOA chloroquine and hydroxycholoroquine |
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Definition
bind to parasite nucleoprotein to inhibit protein synthesis
interfere with parasites ability to used RBC Hb (conversion of toxic haem to non toxic haemozoin) |
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Term
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Definition
| extensive oxidative damage that interferes with mitochondrial electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
neuropsyciatric
seizures
anxiety |
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Term
| Artesunate and artemether moa |
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Definition
| they contain a peroxide bridge that undergoes an iron-catalyzed cleavage within the parasite food vacuole, producing free radicals that kill the malarial parasite |
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Term
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Definition
atovaquone/proguanil
can be used as a treatment and malaria prophylaxis
No neuropsychiatric side effects with this |
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Term
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Definition
half life 18 hours so can be taken OD
is excreted by the kidneys
can cause photosensitivity rash
Can cause thrush |
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Term
Mefloquine
pregnancy?
t 1/2 |
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Definition
safe in 2nd and 3rd trimesters
half life 14-24 days (taken once a week)
can uncover neuropsychiatric issues
food enhances bioavailibility |
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Term
| retrospective diagnosis of malaria |
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Definition
IFAT
Indirect immunofluorescence Ab test |
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Term
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Definition
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to L brasiliensis
it is disfiguring and often involves the nose |
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Term
| Leishmania (montenegro) test |
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Definition
Uses a killed promastigote suspension as antigen (area and species specific).
Read after 48h.
Usually positive in established CL and ML. |
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Term
| pathogenic m tuberculosis species include |
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Definition
M. tuberculosis
M. bovis and
M. africanum.
All 3 species pathogenic to man and genetically similar |
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Term
Wall of tb bacteria?
thick or thin |
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Definition
Thick
They are both acid- and alcohol-fast bacilli (AAFB) because their thick lipid-filled walls retain the red carbol-fuchsin stain during Ziehl-Neelson staining. |
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Term
isoniazid
rifampicin
ethambutol
which one is bacteristatic? |
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Definition
Ethambutol
the other 2 are bacteriocidal |
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Term
| define (MDR-TB) multi drug resistant TB |
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Definition
| when resistance is found in vitro to any two of the first line drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| MDR-TB plus quinolone resistance together with resistance to any one of the injectable second-line drugs |
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Term
| tropical pulmonary eosinophillia responds to which rx? |
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Definition
DEC
it occurs commonly in children |
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Term
| what drug is used to eradicate fresh water snails? |
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Definition
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