Term
| What are the general uses of psychostimulants? |
|
Definition
-anorexics
-narcolepsy
-ADHD |
|
|
Term
| What are the general effects of psychostimulants? |
|
Definition
-elation and euphoria
-depression and fatigue in prolonged use or large doses after the acute stimulation
-psychotic behavior with high doses
-CV side effects: increase in diastolic and systolic pressure
-HR reflexively slows |
|
|
Term
| what causes high potential for abuse in psychostimulants? |
|
Definition
| their ability to produce euphoria |
|
|
Term
| why are ephedrine and psudoephedrine sales restricted? |
|
Definition
-both can be turned into methamphetamine with a simple reaction
-requires liquid ammonia and lithium |
|
|
Term
| What is the relative potency of cocaine on blocking uptake of neurotransmitters? |
|
Definition
DA ≥ 5-HT > NE
-DA and 5-HT inhibition play a role in euphoric effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cataplexy (sudden, brief loss of muscle tone bilaterally, usually with intense emotion-laughter,surprise, or anger)
-intrusions of REM sleep; can immediately go into REM sleep
-hypnagogic (sleep inducing) or hypnopompic (occur as waking up) hallucinations
-sleep paralysis at beginning or end of sleep |
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure of Modafinil (Provigil) |
|
Definition
-racemic mixture
-sulfur atom has four things attached
1. alkyl with 2 phenyls
2. carboxamide group
3. oxygen atom
4. a pair of electrons** |
|
|
Term
| Why is nuvigil less expensive than provigil? |
|
Definition
-nuvigil is the active R enatiomer of provigil, which has 2x the potency of provigil
-same starting material for both, but because of nuvigil's greater potency, you get more effective, smaller doses --> cheaper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-begins before age 7
-Sx must be present in two types of situations, such as school, work, home
-disorder impairs school, social, or occupational functioning
-not explained better by a mood, anxiety, dissociative, or personality disorder
can result in academic underachievement, difficulty in social settings, excitability |
|
|
Term
| What drugs have been approved for appetite control? |
|
Definition
amphetamine
benzphetamine
phentermine
sibutramine |
|
|
Term
| What has phentermine been marketed for besides appetite control? |
|
Definition
| as an ion exchange resin, known as ionamine |
|
|
Term
| What are problems associated with benzphetamine, phenmetrazine, and diethylpropion? |
|
Definition
-weight is often regained when drug is DC
-chronic use can exacerbate HTN
-tolerance can develop of the anorexic effect
-habituation and abuse potential are major concerns |
|
|
Term
| why are hospice patients prescribed amphetamines for depression? |
|
Definition
-amphetamines work immediately, while SSRIs take weeks to work
-hospice patients don't have weeks to wait |
|
|
Term
| How does Meridia increase BP? |
|
Definition
| -metabolized by de-methylation--> gives rise to an amphetamine-like structure --> increases NE --> stimulates a1 adrenergic receptors --> constricts BV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. antagonizes adenosine receptors (A1 and A2**) --> increases cAMP
2. inhibits phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cAMP
first is most important |
|
|
