Term
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Definition
- Coenzyme for carboxylation reactions (activated carrier of CO2)
- Pyruvate Carboxylase (gluconeogenesis and TCA anaplerotic reaction)
- Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (fatty acid synthesis)
- Propionyl CoA Carboxylase (β-oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids)
- Branched-chain amino acid metabolism
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Term
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Definition
- Enzyme cofactor (tetrahydrofolate, FH4)
- Specifically required for 1-carbon fragment transfers in the synthesis of amino acids, purines, and thymidine
- Prevents neural tube defects in fetus in first trimester (anencephaly, spina bifida)
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Term
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Definition
- Functions as a coenzyme in hydroxylation reactions (collagen and adrenaline/noradrenaline synthesis)
- Required for maintenance of normal connective tissue and wound healing
- Reducing agent
- Faciliates absorption of dietary iron
- Antioxidant and free radical scavenger (oxygen radicals)
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Term
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Definition
- Also known as Thiamine
- Active form is Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)
- Cofactor for three enzymes:
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex
- Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
- Transketolase
- Branched-chain Amino Acid Alpha-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase
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Term
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Definition
- Cofactors for oxidase and dehydrogenase reactions (active forms are FAD and FMN)
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Term
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Definition
- Cofactor for oxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes (active forms are NAD+ and NADP+)
- Repair of UV light damage in DNA in skin
- Treatment of hyperlipidemia in high doses
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Term
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Definition
- Enzyme cofactor (active form is Pyridoxal Phosphate, PLP)
- Required for glycogen phosphorylase
- Required for heme synthesis (ALA Synthesis)
- Required for amino acid metabolism (transamination, deamination, decarboxylation, and condensation reactions)
- Required for conversion of Tryptophan to Niacin
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Term
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Definition
- Enzyme cofactor for two reactions:
- Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase (deoxyadenosyl cobalamin) → breakdown of odd-numbered fatty acids
- Homocysteine Methyltransferase (methylcobalamin)
→ methionine synthesis
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